Cathodic Protection of Underground Pipelines With Special Reference to Urban Areas

1974 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. v. Baeckmann
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Underground Pipelines

scholarly journals A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF SLUM HOUSEHOLDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PORUR SLUM AREA, CHENNAI CITY

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
V Thandapani ◽  
◽  
M Arulmurugan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
State Expansion ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
The City ◽  
Push Factor

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Sprawl is a universal occurrence knowledgeable by inexpensively highly developed fine mounting nations. Hurried sprawl appropriate to “pull factor” or the livelihood occasion fashioned in the city and “push factor” owed to the be deficient in of the equivalent in rustic regions and together with ecological dilapidation, has fascinated settlers not barely as of the rustic state but in addition commencing supplementary fractions of the state. Expansion of mechanization roughly in capital of Tamil Nadu, in deprivation condition in the rustic locale, too little drizzle in the rustic part, castism, hastily and enormous edifice creation doings and approximately the city and in sequence expertise commons, has specified surety for accomplished, inexperienced, semi-skilled employments are existing to the justified citizens. In the present study main aims are income and expenditure activities of the Porur slum areas in Chennai city

Urban landslides in the vicinity of Vancouver, British Columbia, with special reference to the December 1979 rainstorm

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Eisbacher ◽  
J. J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Historical landslides in the urbanized Vancouver region, southwestern British Columbia, have almost commonly occurred along escarpments within and at the margins of gently rolling upland surfaces underlain by Pleistocene unconsolidated sediments. The most common and most destructive landslides are debris avalanches and debris flows. They are triggered by intense autumn and winter rainstorms, when water infiltrates and saturates the surficial layer of weathered colluvium. After failure the veneer of debris gains momentum and picks up additional soil and uprooted vegetation. Debris avalanches may temporarily block gullies swollen with runoff water, thus changing into rapidly moving debris flows.A severe rainstorm in December 1979 was accompanied by destructive debris avalanches and debris flows in urban areas in the vicinity of Vancouver. A search of local newspapers and meteorological records back to 1900 indicates that this event was not unique, for at least 26 other comparable storms have triggered landslides in the Vancouver region during this century. Thus it is likely that landslides similar to those of December 1979 will occur repeatedly in the future. The danger of such landslides to life and property will grow if potentially hazardous sites are urbanized without appropriate protective measures.

The method of determining the polarization potential during corrosion surveys of underground pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Andrey А. Bolotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Polarization Potential ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Polarization Current ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Underground Pipelines ◽  
Experimental Use

Values of metal potentials, which exceed or equal to the potential at which the corrosion rate of the metal does not exceed 0.01 mm/year, in international practice, are a condition for the effectiveness of cathodic protection of underground pipelines. It is called polarization potential. The range of polarization potentials, which correspond to effective corrosion protection, was determined experimentally as a result of a large number of field tests in different operating conditions. The values of polarization potentials can vary from minus 0.65 V to minus 1.15 V, measured relative to copper sulfate electrode (C.S.E). There are cases during corrosion surveys of underground pipelines, when the measured values of polarization potentials with the help of measuring instruments, intended for this purpose, significantly exceed the maximum permissible value. The author offers an original method for determining the polarization potential based on the analysis of the dependence of the auxiliary electrode potential on the time after the interruption of the polarization current. The values of polarization potentials obtained using this technique are in the standard range. The method can be recommended for experimental use in corrosion surveys of underground pipelines in various operating conditions in order to confirm the compliance of the obtained results with the condition of cathodic protection efficiency.

scholarly journals The system of green surfaces in spas with special reference to the case studies: Vrnjacka, Kanjiza and Pribojska SPA

Spatium ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijana Crncevic ◽  
Olgica Bakic
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Efficient Management

Taking into consideration the significance of the vegetation in urban areas the paper analyses current and attached regulations in Serbia relevant for planning and preserving of the system of green surfaces, with special reference to the spas. Referring to the results, it is pointed out the limitations of the current legal framework. Also, the existing planning documents for Vrnjacka, Pribojska and Kanjiza spa are analyzed. Referring to the obtained results, the recommendations are formulized with special reference to the system of green surfaces in spas. They stand for harmonization and improvement of the existing law regulations for the system of green surfaces and also for providing corresponding legal and other mechanisms, where financial support for the plan realization and efficient management is included. .

Determination of corrosion rate in places of insulation damage of underground pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (48) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
R.M. Dzhala ◽  
◽  
B.Ya. Verbenets’ ◽  
V.R. Dzhala ◽  
V.P. Lozovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Cathodic Polarization ◽  
Electromagnetic Method ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Underground Pipelines

The electromagnetic method of non-contact current measurements makes it possible to quickly monitor the state of passive (insulating coatings) and active (cathodic polarization) corrosion protection of underground pipelines (UP); detect places of unsatisfactory insulation, determine the transient resistance and its components (resistances of soil, insulating layer, polarization) in different sections, the area of insulation damage, the current distribution of cathodic protection of UP. In combination with contact measurements of direct and alternating voltages, ohmic and polarization potentials, it is possible to determine the polarization resistance and estimate the corrosion rate.

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