Numerical Simulation on the Response of Adjacent Underground Pipelines to Super Shallow Buried Large Span Double-Arch Tunnel Excavation

The excavation of a shallow buried tunnel may cause stress redistribution in surrounding rock, and cause deformation, damage, and even destruction of adjacent underground pipelines. The land part of the Haicang undersea tunnel in Xiamen of China was a super shallow buried large span double-arch tunnel. Its construction was restricted by both underground excavation safe and adjacent pipeline protection. Multiple groups of working conditions were designed considering the relative position of pipe and tunnel, pipeline and tunnel construction parameters. Numerical simulation was used to study the influence of pipeline horizontal distance, buried depth, pipeline diameter, pipeline wall thickness, pipeline shape, pipeline material and excavation method on the response of adjacent underground pipelines. The results show that the relative position of pipe and tunnel, and the construction method of the double-arch tunnel have a great influence on pipeline deformation. Pipeline material, pipeline diameter and excavation method have a great influence on pipeline stress. The construction method was the key factor affecting the stress and deformation of the pipeline. The three-step reserved core soil method can effectively control the stress and deformation of underground pipelines. The research results can provide a reference for similar projects.

Typical engineering design of potato micro-sprinkler irrigation in Northern Shanxi

The Loess Plateau in the northern part of Shanxi Province has uneven rainfall and large evaporation, so droughts often occur. The drought has restricted the development of the local planting industry and the economy. Micro sprinkler irrigation has the advantages of strong adaptability, saving water, saving labor and land, increasing production, and preventing salinization, which is very suitable for this area. This micro-sprinkler irrigation design is carried out in typical plots, based on potato plant characteristics, rainfall data over the years, combined with corresponding specifications and actual conditions. This article uses a refraction micro-sprinkler with a spray diameter of 2.4 m. In the water transmission and distribution network, underground pipelines share 1,860 m of main pipes and sub-main pipes; surface pipelines share 1,200 m of branch pipes and 90,000 m of capillary pipes. The design meets the verification indicators of all irrigation groups, conforms to local actual conditions.

Specific features of the static calculation of underground pipelines of gravity wastewater disposal systems

Необходимым условием экологически безопасной и надежной эксплуатации подземных трубопроводов самотечных систем водоотведения является определение требований к прочностным характеристикам элементов строительной конструкции (труб, фасонных частей), которые формируются на основании статического расчета трубопровода. При статическом расчете определяются и анализируются прямые и косвенные нагрузки, действующие на трубопровод, и производится оценка их влияния на конструкцию. Рассматриваются существующие подходы к выполнению статического расчета. На основании результатов исследований российских и зарубежных авторов утверждается, что выбор параметров труб, используемых при строительстве подземных трубопроводов, зависит не только от свойств конструкционных материалов, но прежде всего от свойств грунта, условий укладки и монтажа, а также от действующих нагрузок и степени деформации трубопровода. An essential pre-requisite for environmentally safe and reliable operation of underground pipelines of gravity wastewater disposal systems is specifying the requirements for the structural behavior of building construction elements (pipes, fittings) that are determined on the basis of a static calculation of the pipeline. In the process of the static analysis, direct and indirect loadings acting on the pipeline are determined and analyzed, and their impact on the structure is estimated. Existing approaches to performing a static analysis are considered. Based on the results of the studies carried out by Russian and foreign authors, it has been argued that the choice of the pipe parameters used in the construction of underground pipelines depends not only on the properties of structural materials, but primarily on the soil properties, conditions of laying and installation, as well as on the existing loadings and degree of pipeline deformation.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE LONGITUDINAL STABILITY OF AN UNDERGROUND PIPELINE BY THE METHOD OF DICHOTOMY

Use such parameters as ground density and pipe depth to optimize the longitudinal stability of the pipeline. Optimization of two parameters of the target function by the method of dichotomy and boundary of condition of termination of iterations. Definition of the target function for the regulation of the calculation of the longitudinal stability of underground pipelines. Development of the program in the programming language Python 3.7. Results processing and testing of the program.

Hybrid TDR-MI Based Wireless Sensor Network for Underground Water Pipeline Leakage Detection and Localization Using Pressure Residuals and Classifiers.

The pipeline leakage detection and leak localization trouble is a highly demanding and dangerous issue. Underground pipelines are a critical mode of transporting enormous fluid volumes (e.g., water) across extended distances. Solving this problem will save the country much money and resources, but it will also protect the environment. On the other hand, present leak detection technologies are insufficient for monitoring underground pipelines due to the extreme subterranean environmental conditions. This study proposes a hybrid wireless sensor network based on TDR (time domain reflectometry) and magnetic induction for monitoring underground pipelines to solve these problems. In this scenario, TDR is deployed beneath an MI-based wireless sensor network. TDR precisely locates the leak and dramatically decreases the amount of time required for inspection. We offer a wireless sensor network based on MI technology for low-cost, real-time leak detection in subsurface pipes. MISE-PIPE identifies leaks by integrating data from a range of different types of sensors installed within and around underground pipelines. Ad-hoc WSNs are used to measure pressure. (WDNs) is a hot topic that has piqued researchers' interest in recent years. Time and accuracy are critical components of leak localization, as they substantially impact the human population and economy. Statistical classifiers acting in the residual space are offered as a general method for leak localization. Classifiers are trained on leak data from all network nodes, taking demand uncertainty, sensor preservative noise, and leak magnitude on the account. Following leak identification and localization, all monitoring data is forwarded to the CH using the K-means clustering method, which serves two critical functions: optimal clustering and prolonging the Network Lifetime (NL) and preserving the QoS. The clustering method is optimized using the K-Means approach .

Design of Natural Gas Pipeline

India today has an in depth network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of gas. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently utilized in the domestic sector similarly as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks. India today has an intensive network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of fossil fuel. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently employed in the domestic sector additionally as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks, these networks have already been founded within the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Vadodara, Firozabad, Kanpur and plenty of more such networks are planned within the near future. Given the infrastructure and layout available in typical Indian cities, it becomes difficult to make such gas distribution networks without separate corridors for competing utilities. Reckoning on pressures, flow rates and economic criteria, these networks may be constructed with steel pipes, polyethylene (PE) pipes or a hybrid PE-steel pipe system. In contrast to borehole pipelines, which stretch for miles directly through open fields, the CGD network is more complex. These are located in densely populated areas, and an oversized number of network branches meet the wants of users in several locations in an exceedingly city. Although they're much smaller long and size than background pipelines, a city's network is far more dispersed and diverse. The rise within the number of branches means over the amount of sleeves, bends, reducers, fittings, etc. within the network, with the exception of the quantity of delivery points for the availability of fossil fuel. Due to the assorted activities of third parties other city agencies, the chance of injury and accidents is even on top of the substantial pipelines. of these factors require better security systems integrated into the network and therefore the need for special preparation to manage any emergency situation.