scholarly journals A STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF SLUM HOUSEHOLDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PORUR SLUM AREA, CHENNAI CITY

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
V Thandapani ◽  
◽  
M Arulmurugan ◽  

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Sprawl is a universal occurrence knowledgeable by inexpensively highly developed fine mounting nations. Hurried sprawl appropriate to “pull factor” or the livelihood occasion fashioned in the city and “push factor” owed to the be deficient in of the equivalent in rustic regions and together with ecological dilapidation, has fascinated settlers not barely as of the rustic state but in addition commencing supplementary fractions of the state. Expansion of mechanization roughly in capital of Tamil Nadu, in deprivation condition in the rustic locale, too little drizzle in the rustic part, castism, hastily and enormous edifice creation doings and approximately the city and in sequence expertise commons, has specified surety for accomplished, inexperienced, semi-skilled employments are existing to the justified citizens. In the present study main aims are income and expenditure activities of the Porur slum areas in Chennai city

YMER Digital ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 545-550
Author(s):  
M ARULMURUGAN ◽  
◽  
V Thandapani ◽  

The dimension of the slums is presumed as something that is deteriorating urban areas that is densely populated and contains dilapidated housing, often in multiple occupations, poverty, social disadvantage and other forms of physical and social deprivation. Urbanization is a global phenomenon experienced by economically advanced as well as developing countries. Rapid urbanization due to “pull factor” or the employment opportunity created in the city and “push factor” due to the lack of the same in rural areas and including environmental degradation, has attracted immigrants not only from the rural Tamil Nadu but also from other parts of the country. Growth of industrialization around the Chennai city, famine situation in the rural area, inadequate rain in the rural area, castism, rapidly and vast building construction activity in and around the city and information technology parks, has given surety for skilled, unskilled, semi-skilled jobs which are available to the deserving people. Most of the immigrated families who could not afford formal housing satisfy their need for housing by occupying available vacant land illegally and solving their housing problem and contribute to the creation of slums. In this study mainly aims to the income and expenditure activities of the Nochikuppam slum areas in Chennai city.


2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Ganapathy

Abstract. Chennai city is the fourth largest metropolis in India, is the focus of economic, social and cultural development and it is the capital of the State of Tamil Nadu. The city has a multi-dimensional growth in development of its infrastructures and population. The area of Chennai has experienced moderate earthquakes in the historical past. Also the Bureau of Indian Standard upgraded the seismic status of Chennai from Low Seismic Hazard (Zone II) to Moderate Seismic Hazard (Zone III)–(BIS: 1893 (2001)). In this connection, a first level seismic microzonation map of Chennai city has been produced with a GIS platform using the themes, viz, Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA), Shear wave velocity at 3 m, Geology, Ground water fluctuation and bed rock depth. The near potential seismic sources were identified from the remote-sensing study and seismo-tectonic details from published literatures. The peak ground acceleration for these seismic sources were estimated based on the attenuation relationship and the maximum PGA for Chennai is 0.176 g. The groundwater fluctuation of the city varies from 0–4 m below ground level. The depth to bedrock configuration shows trough and ridges in the bedrock topography all over the city. The seismic microzonation analysis involved grid datasets (the discrete datasets from different themes were converted to grids) to compute the final seismic hazard grid through integration and weightage analysis of the source themes. The Chennai city has been classified into three broad zones, viz, High, Moderate and Low Seismic Hazard. The High seismic Hazard concentrated in a few places in the western central part of the city. The moderate hazard areas are oriented in NW-SE direction in the Western part. The southern and eastern part will have low seismic hazard. The result of the study may be used as first-hand information in selecting the appropriate earthquake resistant features in designing the forthcoming new buildings against seismic ground motion of the city.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamir Waheed Khawaja ◽  
Nasreen Aslam Shah

This research study was conducted on socio-economic conditions of families living in squatter’s settlement of Karachi. The urban population is booming with unprecedented growth due to heavy influx or migration of rural population to the cities especially in Karachi. The rural families are migrating to the city in a way to have better employment; improved lifestyles in urban societies. Migrators usually accommodated in squatters’ settlements of Karachi because of high residing cost in urban areas. The squatters’ settlements are located at outskirt of the city on government owned lands. However the provincial government has set up Sindh Katchi Abadi Authority (SKAA) department for upgrading or regularizing Katchi Abadis which are working under specific rules and regulations. In this study the role of SKAA also highlighted to analyze the working preferences of organization for the rehabilitation or betterment of squatter settlements. The research topic is chosen in order to investigate about the socio-economic issues of families living in squatters settlements. The data is collected from 200 respondents of squatters from squatters’ settlements which are situated in six different districts of Karachi. Data is collected by the self-prepared questionnaire which was prepared in a way to investigate socio-economic issues and problems of squatters’ families living in the settlements. This research found that whole sample of squatters is of migrators. These settlements are considered illegal and have no provision of basic necessities including drinking safe water; inadequate sanitation system; and low standard of housings.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Delphine Bernadette Ouédraogo ◽  
Delwendé Innocent Kiba ◽  
Zacharia Gnankambary ◽  
Sheick K. Sangaré ◽  
Diakouba Sirima ◽  
...  

The advantages of urban and peri-urban agriculture in West African cities, namely its contribution to food production, income generation and resorbing unemployment are well reported. In the peri-urban areas, cropping systems and practices are various and may affect differently soil properties. Those systems and practices may be driven by farms socio-economic conditions. Here we conducted a study in 133 peri-urban farms located at the vicinity of the city of Ouagadougou. Farmers were questioned on their cropping practices and soil samples were taken and analyzed for their total organic C, available P and K contents. Principal component analysis allowed to study the variability of the farms considering cropping systems, the cropping practices and the farms socio-economic conditions. We found that in the studied cropping systems up to 60% of the farms variability was explained. Monoculture led to low soil organic carbon while polyculture led to low soil available K. The studied socio-economic conditions of the farms explained up to 60% of the variability in cropping practices.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Aamir Waheed Khawaja ◽  
Nasreen Aslam Shah

This research study was conducted on socio-economic conditions of families living in squatter’s settlement of Karachi. The urban population is booming with unprecedented growth due to heavy influx or migration of rural population to the cities especially in Karachi. The rural families are migrating to the city in a way to have better employment; improved lifestyles in urban societies. Migrators usually accommodated in squatters’ settlements of Karachi because of high residing cost in urban areas. The squatters’ settlements are located at outskirt of the city on government owned lands. However the provincial government has set up Sindh Katchi Abadi Authority (SKAA) department for upgrading or regularizing Katchi Abadis which are working under specific rules and regulations. In this study the role of SKAA also highlighted to analyze the working preferences of organization for the rehabilitation or betterment of squatter settlements. The research topic is chosen in order to investigate about the socio-economic issues of families living in squatters settlements. The data is collected from 200 respondents of squatters from squatters’ settlements which are situated in six different districts of Karachi. Data is collected by the self-prepared questionnaire which was prepared in a way to investigate socio-economic issues and problems of squatters’ families living in the settlements. This research found that whole sample of squatters is of migrators. These settlements are considered illegal and have no provision of basic necessities including drinking safe water; inadequate sanitation system; and low standard of housings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Marina B. Martínez-González ◽  
Celene B. Milanes ◽  
Jorge Moreno-Gómez ◽  
Samuel Padilla-Llano ◽  
Alex Vásquez ◽  
...  

The present research aims to understand the challenges faced by a Colombian city in the context of multidimensional risk scenarios, given the existing demographic and socio-economic conditions and local perspectives and perceptions regarding socio-environmental risks. The research was undertaken in the city of Barranquilla, northern Colombia. A survey was designed to analyze (1) the general socio-economic and vulnerability conditions of a communities’ sample, (2) information related to hazards and disaster risk in their neighbourhoods, and (3) information on actions to mitigate risk. Three hundred and ninety-one people were surveyed. Likert scale and Pearson's Chi-square test and descriptive, inferential statistical methods, regression models, and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to process the results. Respondents lived, in general, under precarious socio-economic conditions (such as low income or lack of infrastructure and others). Given socio-environmental constraints, the research revealed that hazards such as urban stream flooding and robbery were the most negatively associated with the respondent’s quality of life. Regarding the actions to avoid losses, 84% of respondents had not implemented any preventive action. Respondents also have low awareness of the need to implement risk prevention actions. Social risks and the configuration of anthropic hazards stand out as principal centres for concern.


Author(s):  
Г.П. Ганапатхи ◽  
В.Б. Заалишвили ◽  
Д.А. Мельков ◽  
Б.В. Дзеранов ◽  
С.С. Чандрашекаран

Урбанизированные территории, сложенные аллювиальными грунтами, характеризуются уязвимостью к их разжижению даже при землетрясениях средней величины. Разжижение является мерой склонности водонасыщенных отложений к уплотнению во время землетрясения и, таким образом, создает давление поровой воды, достаточное для возможной нестабильности грунта или его разрушения. Здания, построенные на подобных разжижаемых грунтах, весьма уязвимы при колебаниях, обусловленных землетрясением. Город Ченнаи в Индии является одним из самых густонаселенных городов в мире. Застройка, на его большей части, состоит из тесно расположенных высотных зданий. Город находится в пределах умеренной сейсмической зоны и по классификации Бюро Индийского стандарта здесь можно ожидать максимальную величину землетрясения с магнитудой 6,9. Большая часть города, покрытая молодыми аллювиальными грунтами с неглубоким уровнем грунтовых вод, весьма уязвимая при землетрясении, никак не выделяется по внешним признакам. В связи с этим для оценки подверженности грунтов разжижению, в городе проведены исследования на основе изучения геотехнических параметров. Результаты исследования показывают, что более 60% территории городской площади Ченнаи подвержено разжижению. Город Владикавказ в России – один из наиболее плотно населенных городов на Северном Кавказе. Несмотря на отсутствие исторических данных по разжижению грунтов на этой территории, относительно недавно урбанизированной (по крайней мере, в 1810 г.), здесь присутствуют грунты с возможным проявлением явления разжижения при сильных землетрясениях. При этом необходимо учитывать, что непосредственно в южной части города расположен Владикавказский разлом с ожидаемым сейсмическим потенциалом Mmax=7,1. В сотрудничестве с индийскими коллегами метод оценки подверженности грунтов разжижению был адаптирован и применен для территории г. Владикавказа. В то же время в отличие от метода пенетрации (SPT), при исследованиях грунтов Владикавказа использовался более традиционный для России подход, и расчеты были сделаны на основе учета величины скоростей поперечных волн в грунтах. В результате расчетов было установлено, что почти 20% территории города Владикавказа сложено грунтами, подверженных разжижению. Настоящее исследование может заставить градостроительные службы и лиц, принимающих решения, а также аварийно-спасательные службы в их будущей деятельности по планированию развития городских территорий уделять большее внимание подверженности грунтов разжижению. Urban areas lying in the alluvial soil generally pose to threat of liquefaction even for moderate magnitude earthquakes. Liquefaction is the measure of vulnerability of saturated sediment to compact during earthquake shaking and thus generate pore water pressures sufficient to cause possible ground instability or failure. The buildings which are constructed over the liquefiable soil are more vulnerable during seismic shaking for a potential earthquake. The Chennai city of India is one of the most densely populated cities in the world, which consist of densely constructed high rise buildings in many parts. The city is under moderate seismic zone as classified by Bureau of Indian Standard where one can expected maximum magnitude of 6,9. The major part of the city covered by the Recent Alluvial soil with shallow water table, which is more vulnerable during earthquake shaking and quiet enough to trigger liquefaction. In this regard a study carried out to understand the liquefaction susceptibility of soil in the city using geotechnical parameters. Also the study reveals spatially 60% of the area is prone to liquefaction. Vladikavkaz city of Russia is also one of the most densely populated in the North Caucasus. Despite on the absence of historical data on liquefaction on this territory, there are soil conditions in new regions with a possible liquefaction behavior during strong earthquakes. Especially taking into account of Vladikavkaz seismic fault potential of Mmax=7,1. In cooperation with Indian colleagues liquefaction susceptibility assessment method was adopted and applied for Vladikavkaz city. Seismic refraction survey is wide used in Russia rather than SPT and calculations were made on the basis size of shear velocity Vs. As a result 20% of the territory of Vladikavkaz city is liquefiable. The present study can be an eye opening for urban planners and decision makers and emergency responders for future developmental planning activity within the city


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