Secret lives and gender fluidity of people living with HIV in Hyderabad, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameena Azhar ◽  
Jason Vaudrey ◽  
Sabitha Gandham ◽  
Sean Burr ◽  
Ganesh Oruganti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Gender Fluidity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Validity of hemoglobin A1c for diagnosing diabetes among people with and without HIV in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-485
Author(s):  
James Muchira ◽  
Eileen Stuart-Shor ◽  
Jen Manne-Goehler ◽  
Janet Lo ◽  
Alexander C Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is facing a growing co-epidemic of chronic HIV infection and diabetes. Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) may underestimate glycemia among people living with HIV (PLWH). We estimated the validity of A1c to diagnose diabetes among PLWH and HIV-uninfected persons in rural Uganda. Data were derived from a cohort of PLWH and age- and gender-matched HIV-uninfected comparators. We compared A1c to fasting blood glucose (FBG) using Pearson correlations, regression models, and estimated the sensitivity and specificity of A1c for detecting diabetes with FBG ≥126 mg/dL as reference standard. Approximately half (48%) of the 212 participants were female, mean age of 51.7 years (SD = 7.0) at enrollment. All PLWH (n = 118) were on antiretroviral therapy for a median of 7.5 years with mean CD4 cell count of 442 cells/µL. Mean FBG (89.7 mg/dL) and A1c (5.6%) were not different between PLWH and HIV-uninfected ( P > 0.50) groups, but the HIV-uninfected group had a higher prevalence of A1c >5.7% (33% vs. 20%, P = 0.024). We found a relatively strong correlation between A1c and FBG (r = 0.67). An A1c ≥6.5% had a poor sensitivity (46%, 95% CI 26–67%) but high specificity (98%, 95% CI 96–99%) for detecting diabetes. More work is needed to define an optimal A1c for screening diabetes in SSA.

scholarly journals Law, criminalisation and HIV in the world: have countries that criminalise achieved more or less successful pandemic response?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e006315
Author(s):  
Matthew M Kavanagh ◽  
Schadrac C Agbla ◽  
Marissa Joy ◽  
Kashish Aneja ◽  
Mara Pillinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv

How do choices in criminal law and rights protections affect disease-fighting efforts? This long-standing question facing governments around the world is acute in the context of pandemics like HIV and COVID-19. The Global AIDS Strategy of the last 5 years sought to prevent mortality and HIV transmission in part through ensuring people living with HIV (PLHIV) knew their HIV status and could suppress the HIV virus through antiretroviral treatment. This article presents a cross-national ecological analysis of the relative success of national AIDS responses under this strategy, where laws were characterised by more or less criminalisation and with varying rights protections. In countries where same-sex sexual acts were criminalised, the portion of PLHIV who knew their HIV status was 11% lower and viral suppression levels 8% lower. Sex work criminalisation was associated with 10% lower knowledge of status and 6% lower viral suppression. Drug use criminalisation was associated with 14% lower levels of both. Criminalising all three of these areas was associated with approximately 18%–24% worse outcomes. Meanwhile, national laws on non-discrimination, independent human rights institutions and gender-based violence were associated with significantly higher knowledge of HIV status and higher viral suppression among PLHIV. Since most countries did not achieve 2020 HIV goals, this ecological evidence suggests that law reform may be an important tool in speeding momentum to halt the pandemic.

scholarly journals Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Vaman Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals. Methodology: In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A large proportion (41.3%) of the participants were in the age-group of 26 to 35 years. Confidentiality of the HIV positivity status was maintained only in 14.4% of the participants. Compared to females (48.2%), more than half (51.5%) of the male participants had experienced HIV/AIDS-related personalized stigma ( P > .05). Conclusion: HIV-related stigma and discrimination are the major social determinants driving the epidemic, despite the advances in medical treatment and increases in the awareness about the disease.

scholarly journals Challenges Faced by People Living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa: Issues for Group Risk Reduction Interventions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allanise Cloete ◽  
Anna Strebel ◽  
Leickness Simbayi ◽  
Brian van Wyk ◽  
Nomvo Henda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Fear Of Rejection ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

This paper presents the findings of an exploratory study to investigate the challenges faced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in communities in Cape Town, South Africa. The primary goal of the study was to gather data to inform the adaptation of a group risk reduction intervention to the South African context. Qualitative methods were used to examine the experiences of PLWHA. Eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 83 HIV-positive participants and 14 key informants (KIs) involved in work with PLWHA were interviewed. Findings revealed that AIDS-related stigma was still pervasive in local communities. This was associated with the difficulty of disclosure of their status for fear of rejection. Also notable was the role of risky behaviours such as lack of condom use and that PLWHA considered their HIV/AIDS status as secondary to daily life stressors like poverty, unemployment, and gender-based violence. These findings have implications for the adaptation or development of behavioural risk reduction interventions for PLWHA.

scholarly journals HIV Positive People’s Perspectives on Canadian Criminal Law and Non-Disclosure

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Adam ◽  
Jason Globerman ◽  
Richard Elliott ◽  
Patrice Corriveau ◽  
Ken English ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Media Coverage ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Media Constructions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract The largest survey to date of people living with HIV regarding attitudes toward criminalization of HIV non-disclosure, this study investigates: sources of legal information available to HIV-positive people; perceptions of how criminal prosecutions and media coverage affect understanding of rights and responsibilities of self and others; and where HIV-positive people themselves stand on the role the criminal justice system should play. While mainstream media constructions of criminal iconography do affect PHA views, those who have higher levels of formal education, are active in the dating scene, and have been living longer with HIV hold less punitive views than those who do not. While the overall pattern of agreement on where to draw the line in criminal prosecution holds regardless of demographic characteristics, there is some statistically significant variation in degree of punitiveness according to sexual orientation and gender as well.

Transgender people living with HIV: characteristics and comparison to homosexual and heterosexual cisgender patients in two Italian teaching hospitals

2020 ◽  
pp. 095646242095057
Author(s):  
Chiara Papalini ◽  
Filippo Lagi ◽  
Elisabetta Schiaroli ◽  
Gaetana Sterrantino ◽  
Daniela Francisci
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Regarding people living with HIV (PLHIV), little is known about the epidemiological characteristics and management decisions for transgender individuals. This retrospective study compared transgender and cisgender (homosexual and heterosexual) PLHIV at both the S. Maria della Misericordia of Perugia and Careggi of Firenze Teaching Hospitals from 2000 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyse possible relationships between viral suppression (dependent variable) and age, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and hepatitis diagnosis (independent variables). After analysing and comparing epidemiological and clinical data for 124 transgender, 180 homosexual cisgender and 188 heterosexual cisgender PLHIV, we found that transgender PLHIV, mostly Latin American sex workers, were more likely to have other STIs. Likewise, this subgroup, on average, was younger at the time of HIV diagnosis and more likely to be less adherent to care, consequently jeopardizing the achievement of viral suppression. Finally, the use of hormone therapy and gender confirmation surgery in transgender PLHIV contributed to specific management issues. To date, major attention has focused on studying the epidemiological characteristics of homosexual and heterosexual PLHIV. Our analysis found that transgender PLHIV were the least likely group to be adequately retained in the continuum of care and presented specific issues in part due to social and behavioural realities.

scholarly journals Sex and Gender are Not the Same: Why Identity Is Important for People Living with HIV and Chronic Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 829-835
Author(s):  
Larissa J Strath ◽  
Robert E Sorge ◽  
Michael A Owens ◽  
Cesar E Gonzalez ◽  
Jennifer I Okunbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv

Emotional support and gender in people living with HIV: effects on psychological well-being

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Gordillo ◽  
◽  
Erin M. Fekete ◽  
Tom Platteau ◽  
Michael H. Antoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv
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