LegalGNN: Legal Information Enhanced Graph Neural Network for Recommendation

Recommendation in legal scenario (Legal-Rec) is a specialized recommendation task that aims to provide potential helpful legal documents for users. While there are mainly three differences compared with traditional recommendation: (1) Both the structural connections and textual contents of legal information are important in the Legal-Rec scenario, which means feature fusion is very important here. (2) Legal-Rec users prefer the newest legal cases (the latest legal interpretation and legal practice), which leads to a severe new-item problem. (3) Different from users in other scenarios, most Legal-Rec users are expert and domain-related users. They often concentrate on several topics and have more stable information needs. So it is important to accurately model user interests here. To the best of our knowledge, existing recommendation work cannot handle these challenges simultaneously. To address these challenges, we propose a legal information enhanced graph neural network–based recommendation framework (LegalGNN). First, a unified legal content and structure representation model is designed for feature fusion, where the Heterogeneous Legal Information Network (HLIN) is constructed to connect the structural features (e.g., knowledge graph) and contextual features (e.g., the content of legal documents) for training. Second, to model user interests, we incorporate the queries users issued in legal systems into the HLIN and link them with both retrieved documents and inquired users. This extra information is not only helpful for estimating user preferences, but also valuable for cold users/items (with less interaction history) in this scenario. Third, a graph neural network with relational attention mechanism is applied to make use of high-order connections in HLIN for Legal-Rec. Experimental results on a real-world legal dataset verify that LegalGNN outperforms several state-of-the-art methods significantly. As far as we know, LegalGNN is the first graph neural model for legal recommendation.

STRATA OBJECTS BASED ON MALAYSIAN LADM COUNTRY PROFILE VIA WEB 3D VISUALIZATION

Three-dimensional visualization of 3D parcels have been investigated in many viewpoints in order to fulfil the demands of expanding cities and the increasing complexity of building design. In Malaysia, with the growing strata developed area, particularly residential buildings (i.e., apartments), land administration agencies will need to improve their application in sharing and disseminating cadastral data. Hence, web-based solutions have been recognized as an important visualization requirement among end-users. It acts as a distributed information platform that allows 3D data sharing with the minimal architecture of client-server connects by the internet. There are two key topics addressed in this paper, which is the depiction of 3D strata objects on the web and the linkage to their legal data. This paper also describes the implementation of conceptual model of strata object based on Malaysian Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Country Profile for the representation of spatial and non-spatial data. Tools such as PostgreSQL with PostGIS extension is used for storing data, CesiumJS was used to handle and visualise 3D strata objects in a 3D browser that was customised as a web application. The results demonstrate a viewer of a multi-storey buildings using web visualization to display both physical and legal information of 3D Strata objects based on LADM country profile (Malaysia). This particular paper also attempts to address 3D visualization of spatial and non-spatial data query using a web application, which also suggests further directions for 3D cadastral visualization development.

The right to information as the basis of media activity in Ukraine

The article identifies some approaches to identifying the concepts of media and legal information. Some classifications of mass media and their immanent elements are considered. The concept of information and its qualifying legal features are defined. The main Laws of Ukraine concerning information are highlighted. Separate normative-legal laws of Ukraine on information and various forms of information are singled out. Categories of legal, public information and misinformation are considered. The key Law of Ukraine on information dated October 2, 1992 № 2657-XII has been determined. It is investigated, that the main source of legal information is the Constitution of Ukraine in accordance to the Law of Ukraine "On Information". It is proved, that information can exist in an ideal and material form and be the object of commodity relations. Attention is drawn to the Law of Ukraine "On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Management". It is proved, that in the era of using information and communication technologies, the implementation of e-government makes it possible to operate in an information society. Sources for media information have been identified - state, confidential and anonymous. Attention is drawn to the access of the media to confidential information, to data that are not disclosed or published only by court decision. An example is given of the possibility of disseminating public or private information about a person. Attention is drawn to the need to verify anonymous information. In conclusion, it is emphasized, that the media in Ukraine are trying to follow in the footsteps of the latest information and communication technologies. The use of constitutional and legal acts is a vital necessary condition for building civil society, guaranteeing the constitutionality of democracy, freedom of access of the media to primary sources of information.

Social-Psychological Causes of Youth Extremism in Krasnodar Region

The authors study socio-psychological determinants of extremist criminal behavior of young people in Krasnodar Region within the framework of socio-economic, national and geographical specifics of the territory. The main goal was to identify and specify subjective (inner) causes as an aggregate of personal psychological features, needs, emotions, motives, specifics of conscience and volition that shape the intent and determine the qualitative side of extremist crimes. The authors used both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, etc.) and special (statistical and specific-sociological) methods of cognition. The dominant source of information was results of a questionnaire survey of 146 young people who were residents of Krasnodar Region aged 18–24 with the same level of education; they were university students (57 %), and students of vocational schools and colleges (28 %). The obtained data were used for SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) analysis, which identified regularities in the formation of the public opinion typical for young people in Krasnodar Region. Besides, the authors established a factor commonality which served as a logical proof that psychological patterns typical of the youth environment, stereotypes and models of behavior act as determinants of extremist actions. All of these allowed the authors to state that there are a number of negative trends, such as the mental acceptance of some extremist actions by young people, especially actions against people of a different race, nationality, religion; this acceptance is common for 20 % of people aged 18 to 24; young people do not know about 5 out of 13 types of extremist activities included in the federal legislation; extremist information is easily available on the Internet. To eliminate these trends, the authors suggest a number of measures: activization of legal information campaign; identification of students who are highly likely to commit extremist actions; creation of a system of model features of extremist behavior to be used in the preventive work in educational establishments of Krasnodar Region; designing and teaching, on the regional level, a special subject of preventive nature to high school, college and university students.

The Genesis of the Internal Convictions of a Law Enforcement Officer in the Process of Interpreting the Norms of Law

The article describes the forms of objectification of language in law. Language is considered by the author not just as a way of communicating legal information, but as a mediator of the meaning of law. The role of legal definitions in legal operations is characterized. The language correlates with the spheres of the spirit of law and the legal process. Language is an important nation-forming factor. It is not limited to providing communication between subjects using verbal and non-verbal means. In the legal sphere, the word carries the spirit of law, for it is the embodiment of this spirit. Receiving a linguistic expression, the spirit of law is objectified. At the same time, the legal literature presents a limited view on the functions of language in law. As a rule, they include display function(expression of the will of the legislator outside) and communicative one (bringing this will to the attention of participants in public relations). At the same time, the most important functions of language in law are ignored: system-preserving, meaning-forming and spiritual. At the same time, the author warns against the absolutization of linguistic means in law.

Communication system of the legal sphere: characteristic features and concept (in aspects of document science branch)

The purpose of the article is devoted to the purpose of the definition of characteristics and conceptsof the communication system of the legal sphere (in aspects of branch document science). The methodologyconsists of the application of methods of analysis, synthesis, comparative method, with the help of whichscientific works related to the subject of scientific research are studied. Scientific novelty. The absence ofresults, the formation of which is devoted to the article, has been established. It was found that a number ofworks, which to some extent concern our scientific interests, do not solve the purpose of the search highlightedin the publication. The spectrum of characteristic features is singled out and the concept of the communicationsystem of the legal sphere is formulated for the first time. Conclusions. The following characteristics ofthe communication system of the legal sphere were identified: functioning in the process of subjects of lawinteraction; implementation through the exchange of legal information through oral and written forms ofspeech; the prevalence of the documentary aspect due to the documentary display and dissemination of legalinformation, as well as the use of functional styles, the combination of which creates the phenomenon ofdocumentary linguistic expression of legal thought; acquisition of communicative qualities related to the fieldof jurisprudence. A definition for the communication system of the legal sphere has been formulated. It is aform of organization of legal entities that interact by exchanging legal information through scientific, officialbusiness, journalistic, epistolary functional-stylistic mechanisms and communicative qualities of correctness,clarity, accuracy, brevity, expediency, logic, purity, conciseness, in which the documentary aspect plays adecisive role.Keywords: communication system, legal sphere, a connection of document science with legal sphere,methods of legal information transfer, communicative qualities of jurisprudence language, functional andstylistic mechanisms of a communication system of the legal sphere.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE REALIZATION OF CITIZEN'S RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INFORMATIZATION PROCESS

The relevance of the article is determined by the strategic purpose of constitutional law to provide adequate answers to emerging issues in the sphere of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the process of informatization of society. The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the spread of information technology in the modern world. Analyzing the newest generation of rights, called in modern Russian jurisprudence digital (information) rights, the author focuses on topical issues of their provision and draws conclusions about the possibilities and prospects for improving the legal regulation of digital legal (information) relations of citizens.

Representation Learning and Similarity of Legal Judgements using Citation Networks

India and many other countries like UK, Australia, Canada follow the ‘common law system’ which gives substantial importance to prior related cases in determining the outcome of the current case. Better similarity methods can help in finding earlier similar cases, which can help lawyers searching for precedents. Prior approaches in computing similarity of legal judgements use a basic representation which is either abag-of-words or dense embedding which is learned by only using the words present in the document. They, however, either neglect or do not emphasize the vital ‘legal’ information in the judgements, e.g. citations to prior cases, act and article numbers or names etc. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to learn the embeddings of legal documents using the citationnetwork of documents. Experimental results demonstrate that the learned embedding is at par with the state-of-the-art methods for document similarity on a standard legal dataset.

Constitutional court rejection on omnibus law

The purpose of this legal and constitutional study was to deeply understand the causes and impacts of rejection of the ratification of the Omnibus Bill and its derivatives of the Job Creation Bill by demonstrators consisting of students and laborers throughout Indonesia. To make it easier for us to understand the above problems, we have carried out a series of data collections since the Omnibus Bill was discussed until it was passed by Parliament and rejected by demonstrators. For data, secondary legal information in the form of legal publications, textbooks, journals, and court decisions related to the Omnibus Law and other information in the form of articles published in the mass media has also been used as data. Finally, we can conclude that the findings include: Several laws originating from the Omnibus law have legitimized environmental destruction, ignoring customary rights that are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. The majority of the Omnibus Law committee comes from the elite who do not think about the civilian element, including the new law derivative people.