scholarly journals Lower brain glutamate is associated with cognitive deficits in HIV patients: A new mechanism for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ernst ◽  
Caroline S. Jiang ◽  
Helenna Nakama ◽  
Steven Buchthal ◽  
Linda Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

scholarly journals 7,8-dihydroxyflavone Improves Neuropathological Changes in the Brain of Tg26 Mice, A Model for HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bryant ◽  
Sanketh Andhavarapu ◽  
Christopher Bever ◽  
Poornachander Guda ◽  
Akhil Katuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mitochondrial Damage ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: The combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) era has significantly increased the lifespan of HIV patients, turning a fatal disease to a chronic one. However, this lower but persistent level of HIV infection increases the susceptibility of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Therefore, research is currently seeking improved treatment for this complication of HIV. In HIV+ patients, low levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been associated with worse neurocognitive impairment. Hence, BDNF administration has been gaining relevance as a possible adjunct therapy for HAND. However, systemic administration of BDNF is impractical because of poor pharmacological profile.Methods: We investigated the neuroprotective effects of BDNF-mimicking 7,8 dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a bioactive high-affinity TrkB agonist, in the memory-involved hippocampus and brain cortex of Tg26 mice, a murine model for HAND. We immunohistochemically stained brain tissue sections from vehicle-treated wild type (WT), vehicle-treated Tg26, and DHF (5 mg/kg, i.p)-treated Tg26 mice to examine activation of TrkB and downstream signaling, expression of HIV-1 chemokine co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial damage. A one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni Comparison post-hoc test was performed to analyze the data sets. Results: In the brain regions of Tg26 mice, we observed astrogliosis, increased CXCR4 and CCR5 expression, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial damage. Hippocampi and cortices of DHF treated mice exhibited a reversal of these pathological changes, suggesting the therapeutic potential of DHF in HAND. Our data indicates that DHF increases the phosphorylation of TrkB, providing new insights about the role of the TrkB-Akt-NFkB signaling pathway in mediating these pathological hallmarks.Conclusions: Our study provides an overview of how targeting BDNF-TrkB signaling in the pathophysiology of HAND may be relevant for future therapies, and sheds light on 7,8 Dihydroxyflavone as a potential adjunct therapeutic agent to current antiviral therapy.

Neurological soft signs (NSS) and cognitive deficits in HIV associated neurocognitive disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 107545
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Forno ◽  
Fernando Henríquez ◽  
María Elena Ceballos ◽  
Matías Gonzalez ◽  
Johannes Schröder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

Association between education level and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sexual Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Bozhi Liu ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Dementia ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
The Relationship

In the era of antiretroviral treatment, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is common in HIV-positive (HIV+) patients, with an incidence of 30–50%. The relationship between education level and HAND has been evaluated in some studies, however, the results were inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide compelling evidence on the association between education level and the risk of HAND. Reports were searched for in the databases of Medline, Embase and PsyclNFO. Studies evaluating the relationship between education level and HAND in adult HIV+ patients were included. The pooled odds ratio/risk ratio was analysed by using the random-effects model. Two subgroup analyses were performed according to the adjustment of educational level in the neurocognitive impairment assessment and the income level. In total, 18 studies were included. Six studies and 12 studies reported education level as the continuous variable and categorical variable, respectively. The methods used for the assessment of neurocognitive impairment in included studies were neuropsychological battery tests (n = 10), HIV Dementia Scale (n = 1), the International HIV Dementia Scale (n = 6) and the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (n = 1). The result showed that the risk of HAND in HIV+ patients who have lower education attainment was significantly higher than that in HIV+ patients who have higher education attainment. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrated that HIV+ patients who have low education attainment carry higher risk of developing HAND compared with HIV+ patients who have high education attainment. This study highlighted the importance of early neurological screening for HIV+ patients who have low education level.

Lipodystrophy-Related Cognitive Deficits in HIV Patients

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dodd ◽  
Nick Defilippis ◽  
Fiona Hill ◽  
Britney Payton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Hiv Patients

scholarly journals Scaling Up Information Sharing on HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Raising Awareness and Knowledge Among Key Stakeholders

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110168
Author(s):  
Renato M. Liboro ◽  
Paul A. Shuper ◽  
Lori E. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Public Health Informatics ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Aids

Although the majority of specialists and researchers in the field of HIV/AIDS are aware and knowledgeable about HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) as a condition that affects as much as 50% of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH), research has documented that many health care and service providers who work directly with PLWH are either unaware of HAND or believe they do not know enough information about HAND to effectively support their clients experiencing neurocognitive challenges. Based on the findings of a qualitative study that interviewed 33 health care and service providers in HIV/AIDS services to identify and examine their awareness and knowledge on HAND, this article argues for utilizing a combination of Public Health Informatics principles; communication techniques, propagation strategies, and recognized approaches from Implementation and Dissemination Science; and social media and online discussion platforms, in addition to traditional Knowledge Mobilization strategies, to scale up information sharing on HAND among all relevant stakeholders. Increasing information sharing among stakeholders would be an important step to raising awareness and knowledge on HAND, and consequently, improving care, services, and support for PLWH and neurocognitive issues.

Genetic variation of matrix metalloproteinase enzyme in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder

Gene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 698 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
HariOm Singh ◽  
Sumitra Nain ◽  
Asha Krishnaraj ◽  
Sonam Lata ◽  
T.N. Dhole
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

Effects of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in Nigeria: A protocol for randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martins Nweke ◽  
Nombeko Mshunqane ◽  
Nalini Govender ◽  
Aderonke Akineplu ◽  
Adesola Oginniyi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Programme ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder

BACKGROUND The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a drastic fall in the incidence of HIV-associated dementia. However, less severe but limiting forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) continues to be prevalent even with the use of ART. Aerobic exercise, a behavioural intervention may be a beneficial and effective complement to ART in the management of HAND. In HIV-negative individuals, aerobic exercise mitigates pathogenic changes similar to those of HAND. OBJECTIVE This protocol describes a randomized clinical trial designed to determine the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme on HAND in Southeastern Nigeria. METHODS A minimum of seventy-six patients diagnosed with HAND will be randomized into aerobic exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise will be carried out on a stationary bicycle ergometer at moderate intensity, three times a week for 12-weeks. Primary outcomes are neurocognitive performance, CD4-count and viral load. Evaluation of post-exercise neurocognitive performance will be undertaken using reliable neuropsychological tests relevant to PLWHIV, in line with Frascati criteria. Secondary outcomes such as quality of life, and activity limitation and social participation will be assessed using the WHOQOL-Bref, and the Oxford Participation and Activities questionnaire respectively. Data will be subjected to exploratory statistics to test for normality and homogeneity. The effect of the exercise programme on HAND will be analysed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, with Bonferroni’s correction. Within-group comparison will be undertaken using paired sampled t-test. RESULTS Enrollment began on 18th January 2021. Recruitment has been completed. The trial is ongoing and will be completed in July 2021 CONCLUSIONS The study will provide valuable information about the effect of aerobic exercise on HAND thus verifying the suitability of aerobic exercise as a complementary therapy for mitigating neurocognitive disorder among PLWHIV. Data from the study will be useful in pursuit of debate on the necessity of a sponsored rehabilitation arm in ART clinics. CLINICALTRIAL The study was registered with the PAN African Trial Registry (PACTR) on the 1stth September 2020. The registration ID is PACTR202009483415745.

Serial case of HIV associated neurocognitive disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 429 ◽  
pp. 117683
Author(s):  
Sri Rianawati ◽  
Nurvia Andriani ◽  
Badrul Munir ◽  
Neila Raisa
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorder
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