scholarly journals A conceptual model for assessing rainfall and vegetation trends in sub‐Saharan Africa from satellite data

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 3582-3592 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hoscilo ◽  
H. Balzter ◽  
E. Bartholomé ◽  
M. Boschetti ◽  
P. A. Brivio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Development of a Hydrogeological Conceptual Model for Shallow Aquifers in the Data Scarce Upper Blue Nile Basin

Hydrology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Walker ◽  
Geoff Parkin ◽  
John Gowing ◽  
Alemseged Tamiru Haile
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Sub Saharan

Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa commonly rely on shallow hand-dug wells and springs; consequently, shallow aquifers are an extremely important water source. Increased utilisation of shallow groundwater could help towards achieving multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) by positively impacting poverty, hunger, and health. However, these shallow aquifers are little studied and poorly understood, partly due to a paucity of existing hydrogeological information in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa. This study develops a hydrogeological conceptual model for Dangila woreda (district) in Northwest Ethiopia, based on extensive field investigations and implementation of a citizen science programme. Geological and water point surveys revealed a thin (3–18 m) weathered volcanic regolith aquifer overlying very low permeability basalt. Hydrochemistry suggested that deep groundwater within fractured and scoriaceous zones of the basalt is not (or is poorly) connected to shallow groundwater. Isotope analysis and well monitoring indicated shallow groundwater flow paths that are not necessarily coincident with surface water flow paths. Characteristics of the prevalent seasonal floodplains are akin to “dambos” that are well-described in literature for Southern Africa. Pumping tests, recharge assessments, and hydrometeorological analysis indicated the regolith aquifer shows potential for increased utilisation. This research is transferrable to the shallow volcanic regolith aquifers that overlie a substantial proportion of Ethiopia and are prevalent throughout the East African Rift and in several areas elsewhere on the continent.

Cropland expansion and productivity reduction in Malawi monitored by using Satellite data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengxiu Li ◽  
Jadu Dash
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Focus Intervention ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Landsat Satellite

<p>With rising demand for food in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), cropland expansion represents the main strategy to boost agricultural production. However, cropland expansion is not a sustainable form of agricultural development as there is limited arable land and increasing soil degradation in SSA. Cropland expansion needs to be monitored in order to focus intervention and propose alternatives. In this study, we monitor agriculture expansion over the past decades across Malawi using Landsat satellite data and explore factors that can explain expansion using Malawi integrated household survey data. The preliminary results showed that cropland expansion has widely occurred across the country, and the newly expanded croplands have higher productivity compared to the croplands with long cultivation history. We also found that estate agricultural land contributes to 40% of the expanded area and the level of irrigation is negatively correlated to expansion, being the dominant factors that are associated with expansion in Malawi. The results will further help to offer localized information for policy making and to develop strategies for conserving land.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Integrated chronic disease care delivery at a primary care level in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review, best fit framework synthesis, and new conceptual model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon R Harrison ◽  
Aileen M Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chronic Disease Care ◽  
African Context ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Existing chronic care conceptual models were not designed for sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a growing burden of chronic disease. This review provides a qualitative synthesis and new conceptual model for primary care approaches to the integration of chronic communicable and non-communicable disease care in a sub-Saharan African context. Methods: A best fit framework synthesis comprising two systematic reviews, with information retrieved from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL plus, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus databases between 1st and 30th April 2020. Articles on chronic care conceptual models were included if they were developed for application in a primary care context and described a framework for long-term management of chronic disease care, and themes extracted to construct an a priori framework. A second systematic review included articles focussing on integrated HIV and diabetes care at a primary care level in sub-Saharan Africa, with thematic analysis carried out against the a priori framework. A new conceptual model was constructed from a priori themes and new themes. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using CASP and MMAT. Results: Two conceptual models of chronic disease care, comprising 6 themes, were used to build the a priori framework. The systematic review of primary research identified 12 articles, with all 6 of the a priori framework themes, and 5 new themes identified. A new patient-centred conceptual model for integrated HIV and diabetes care was constructed, specific to a sub-Saharan African context. Discussion: Improving patient access to chronic disease care through implementing decentralised, integrated, affordable and efficient primary care services should be prioritised in sub-Saharan Africa. Services must be acceptable to patients, viewing them as partners, addressing their concerns, and seeking to safeguard confidentiality. Limitations of this study include potential publication bias, and impact of policy environment and economic factors in sub-Saharan Africa.

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Adolescent Suicidality as Seen in Rural Northeastern Uganda

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kinyanda ◽  
Ruth Kizza ◽  
Jonathan Levin ◽  
Sheila Ndyanabangi ◽  
Catherine Abbo
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Suicidal behavior in adolescence is a public health concern and has serious consequences for adolescents and their families. There is, however, a paucity of data on this subject from sub-Saharan Africa, hence the need for this study. Aims: A cross-sectional multistage survey to investigate adolescent suicidality among other things was undertaken in rural northeastern Uganda. Methods: A structured protocol administered by trained psychiatric nurses collected information on sociodemographics, mental disorders (DSM-IV criteria), and psychological and psychosocial risk factors for children aged 3–19 years (N = 1492). For the purposes of this paper, an analysis of a subsample of adolescents (aged 10–19 years; n = 897) was undertaken. Results: Lifetime suicidality in this study was 6.1% (95% CI, 4.6%–7.9%). Conclusions: Factors significantly associated with suicidality included mental disorder, the ecological factor district of residence, factors suggestive of low socioeconomic status, and disadvantaged childhood experiences.

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