Supporting sustainable, equitable growth in sub-Saharan Africa: a conceptual model for enabling social enterprise governance

Nonstate actors such as social enterprises are increasingly influential for addressing pressing social needs in sub-Saharan Africa. Moving responsibility from the state to private entrepreneurs calls for a greater understanding of how single individuals achieve their social mission in a context characterized by acute poverty and where informal institutions, such as trust and collective norms, are strong governance mechanisms. This study recognizes the role of leader passion as a key element for gaining people’s trust in the social enterprise leader and the social mission. Qualitative data were collected on 37 leaders of Nigerian social enterprises in arenas such as health, women’s rights, children’s rights, AIDS/HIV care and education, and sustainable development. Drawing on 100 semistructured interviews, the authors develop an inductive model illustrating how leader passion interrelates with the social enterprise organizing and outcomes.

Download Full-text

Development of a Hydrogeological Conceptual Model for Shallow Aquifers in the Data Scarce Upper Blue Nile Basin

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology6020043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David Walker ◽

Geoff Parkin ◽

John Gowing ◽

Alemseged Tamiru Haile

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Isotope Analysis ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Water Source ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Shallow Aquifers ◽

Flow Paths ◽

Sub Saharan

Rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa commonly rely on shallow hand-dug wells and springs; consequently, shallow aquifers are an extremely important water source. Increased utilisation of shallow groundwater could help towards achieving multiple sustainable development goals (SDGs) by positively impacting poverty, hunger, and health. However, these shallow aquifers are little studied and poorly understood, partly due to a paucity of existing hydrogeological information in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa. This study develops a hydrogeological conceptual model for Dangila woreda (district) in Northwest Ethiopia, based on extensive field investigations and implementation of a citizen science programme. Geological and water point surveys revealed a thin (3–18 m) weathered volcanic regolith aquifer overlying very low permeability basalt. Hydrochemistry suggested that deep groundwater within fractured and scoriaceous zones of the basalt is not (or is poorly) connected to shallow groundwater. Isotope analysis and well monitoring indicated shallow groundwater flow paths that are not necessarily coincident with surface water flow paths. Characteristics of the prevalent seasonal floodplains are akin to “dambos” that are well-described in literature for Southern Africa. Pumping tests, recharge assessments, and hydrometeorological analysis indicated the regolith aquifer shows potential for increased utilisation. This research is transferrable to the shallow volcanic regolith aquifers that overlie a substantial proportion of Ethiopia and are prevalent throughout the East African Rift and in several areas elsewhere on the continent.

Download Full-text

Social enterprise resilience in sub-Saharan Africa

Business Strategy & Development ◽

10.1002/bsd2.11 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 53-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Littlewood ◽

Diane Holt

Keyword(s):

Social Enterprise ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan

Download Full-text

The Market Opportunity for Social Enterprise in Developing Nations

Strategic Marketing for Social Enterprises in Developing Nations - Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7859-8.ch006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 132-152

Author(s):

Paul Egan ◽

James Lappeman

Keyword(s):

Middle Class ◽

Social Enterprise ◽

Developing Nations ◽

Social Enterprises ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Market Size ◽

Market Opportunity ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Key Indicators

In this chapter, the authors explore the market opportunity for social enterprises by drawing on the sub-Saharan middle class. Specifically, they look at some key indicators of market size, potential, and diversity. By making use of a 10 city study on the sub-continent, a range of topics emerge that expose high levels of heterogeneity between markets. As the world's fastest growing continent (in population) as well as one of the poorest regions on earth, sub-Saharan Africa is a key target for social enterprises that seek to change lives while running sustainable profit-making organizations. As this chapter adds to the narrative around market sizing and potential, the discussion also points to the need for a sophisticated view of social enterprises as propagated in this book as a whole.

Download Full-text

A conceptual model for assessing rainfall and vegetation trends in sub‐Saharan Africa from satellite data

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.4231 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 3582-3592 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

A. Hoscilo ◽

H. Balzter ◽

E. Bartholomé ◽

M. Boschetti ◽

P. A. Brivio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Model ◽

Satellite Data ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan

Download Full-text

The business of saving lives in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) - a social imperative? Insights from “The Global Soap Project”

Journal of Enterprising Communities People and Places in the Global Economy ◽

10.1108/jec-11-2014-0025 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 321-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nnamdi O. Madichie

Keyword(s):

Social Enterprise ◽

Ebola Virus ◽

Single Case ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Social Entrepreneur ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Single Case Study ◽

Content Type ◽

Sub Saharan

Purpose Using a single case study of The Global Soap Project, a social enterprise founded by an African Immigrant resident in the USA, this study aims to explore and posit how lives could be saved in Sub-Saharan Africa and especially so in light of the Ebola pandemic ravaging swathes of West African communities. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative study interrogates both the identity of a diasporic social entrepreneur in an attempt to develop a framework that links this concept to community entrepreneurship using a single case study. Findings With hindsight, The Global Soap Project has much to offer in terms of “saving lives” in these communities, as the battle against the Ebola virus calls for containment measures. Research limitations/implications While arguably limited in terms of being a single case, this study furthers the understanding on the role of social entrepreneurship in complementing community efforts and coping strategies for tackling pandemics such as the Ebola virus. Social implications Evidently, while vaccines are being fast-tracked, the spread of the virus can be curtailed through personal hygiene, and the project illustrates how an individual social enterprise can be leveraged at the community level. Originality/value The study provides avenues for future research enquiry into how single cases might be transformed into multiple cases, both within and across sectors, for the benefit of humanity in general and affected communities in particular.

Download Full-text

Integrated chronic disease care delivery at a primary care level in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review, best fit framework synthesis, and new conceptual model

10.1101/2021.11.30.21267057 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Simon R Harrison ◽

Aileen M Jordan

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Care ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Conceptual Models ◽

A Priori ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Chronic Disease Care ◽

African Context ◽

Sub Saharan

Background: Existing chronic care conceptual models were not designed for sub-Saharan Africa, where there is a growing burden of chronic disease. This review provides a qualitative synthesis and new conceptual model for primary care approaches to the integration of chronic communicable and non-communicable disease care in a sub-Saharan African context. Methods: A best fit framework synthesis comprising two systematic reviews, with information retrieved from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL plus, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus databases between 1st and 30th April 2020. Articles on chronic care conceptual models were included if they were developed for application in a primary care context and described a framework for long-term management of chronic disease care, and themes extracted to construct an a priori framework. A second systematic review included articles focussing on integrated HIV and diabetes care at a primary care level in sub-Saharan Africa, with thematic analysis carried out against the a priori framework. A new conceptual model was constructed from a priori themes and new themes. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using CASP and MMAT. Results: Two conceptual models of chronic disease care, comprising 6 themes, were used to build the a priori framework. The systematic review of primary research identified 12 articles, with all 6 of the a priori framework themes, and 5 new themes identified. A new patient-centred conceptual model for integrated HIV and diabetes care was constructed, specific to a sub-Saharan African context. Discussion: Improving patient access to chronic disease care through implementing decentralised, integrated, affordable and efficient primary care services should be prioritised in sub-Saharan Africa. Services must be acceptable to patients, viewing them as partners, addressing their concerns, and seeking to safeguard confidentiality. Limitations of this study include potential publication bias, and impact of policy environment and economic factors in sub-Saharan Africa.

Download Full-text

World Bicycle Relief: Social Enterprise Business Model

Kellogg School of Management Cases ◽

10.1108/case.kellogg.2021.000063 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Jan A. Van Mieghem ◽

Vadim Glinsky

Keyword(s):

Business Model ◽

Social Enterprise ◽

Social Impact ◽

Health Workers ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

The Social ◽

Sub Saharan

In this case, students assume the roles of FK Day and Dave Neiswander, leaders of the social enterprise World Bicycle Relief (WBR), which donates and sells bicycles in sub-Saharan Africa. As a social enterprise, WBR combines not-for-profit and for-profit activities. Starting as a traditional not-for-profit organization formed to donate bicycles after the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, WBR eventually added a for-profit arm to facilitate growth and reduce its dependence on donations and grants. As a result, by 2017 WBR had distributed around 400,000 bicycles, primarily to schoolgirls, entrepreneurs, and health workers. As the organization grows, its leaders are interested in optimizing operations and entering new countries in Africa. What is the optimal distribution of WBR's resources between its for-profit and not-for-profit operations? How should it define the objective of its operations: should WBR maximize its social impact or the total number of bicycles in the field? Which countries should it enter? To answer those questions, students are required to analyze the social enterprise business model. This analysis starts at the strategic level and ties into the operational level. If desired, this analysis can be followed by an Excel optimization of WBR's operations. The case contains historical data on the organization and poses questions that can be analyzed from the perspectives of a number of academic fields. It can be used in various types of courses including strategy, not-for-profit organizations, operations, and finance. The instructor materials include a prepared Excel model that can be used to make the quantitative analysis accessible to students without quantitative backgrounds, videos from WBR, and a video that shows FK Day and Dave Neiswander answering questions in the inaugural use of the case at Kellogg.

Download Full-text