Forty-two extracts of folk medicinal plant organs from Pakistan were tested in competition binding assays for their interaction with the specific ligand recognition sites on the human α2-adrenoceptor subtypes α2A, α2B and α2C. Strong binding of the extracts (40 mg/ml) from Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile leaves (88-98% displacement of radiolabel) and Peganum harmala seeds (89-96% displacement) on three subtypes prompted us to extract these plant materials with 40% and 80% methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The extraction results indicated an absence of α2-adrenoceptor binding activity in the stalk of A. nilotica and A. tortils, whereas the leaves of both plants contained activity. The extracts of A. nilotica leaves showed a slight, but consistent, preference for the α2C-adrenoceptor, whereas the leaves of A. tortils were slightly more active on the α2B subtype. The extract of P. harmala stalks was less active than that of its seeds. The binding activities of A. nilotica leaves and P. harmala seeds were mainly concentrated in the water and 30% methanol fractions and further sub-fractions. In a functional activity assay, the active fractions inhibited epinephrine-stimulated 35S-GTPγS binding, thus indicating a predominantly antagonistic nature of the compounds with α2-adrenoceptor affinity in these fractions. Among the known major alkaloids of P. harmala (demissidine, harmaline, harmine, 6-methoxyharmalan, and norharmane), only 6-methoxyharmalan showed moderate affinity (dissociation constant (Ki) of 530 ± 40 nᴍ for α2A subtype). This study is a first systematic attempt towards the discovery of potential drug candidates from these plant materials for treating α2-adrenoceptor related diseases
New insights for the production of medicinal plant materials: ex vitro and in vitro propagation of valuable Lamiaceae species from northern Africa
