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Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Shutong Fan ◽  
Xixi Li ◽  
Siyu Lin ◽  
Yunpeng Li ◽  
Huixin Ma ◽  
...  

Foxl2 is an evolutionarily conserved female sex gene, which is specifically expressed in the ovary and mainly involved in oogenesis and ovarian function maintenance. However, little is known about the mechanism that regulates Foxl2 specific expression during the ovary development. In the present study, we constructed the gonadal yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) library of Chlamysfarreri with ovaries and testes at different developmental stages using the Gateway technology. The library capacity was more than 1.36 × 107 CFU, and the length of the inserted fragment was 0.75 Kb~2 Kb, which fully met the demand of yeast library screening. The highly transcriptional activity promoter sequence of C. farreri Foxl2 (Cf-Foxl2) was determined at −1000~−616 bp by dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay and was used as bait to screen possible transcription factors from the Y1H library. Eleven candidate factors, including five unannotated factors, were selected based on Y1H as well as their expressional differences between ovaries and testes and were verified for the first time to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of Cf-Foxl2 by RT-qPCR and DLR. Our findings provided valuable data for further studying the specific regulation mechanism of Foxl2 in the ovary.


Author(s):  
Chetan Gedam

Cancer is a heterogeneous disorder comprising various types and sub-types. Early detection, screening, and diagnosis of cancer types are necessary for facilitating cancer research in early diagnosis, management, and the evolution of successful therapies. Existing methodologies were only able to classify and diagnose a single variety of cancer based on a homogeneous dataset but more focused on predicting patient survivability then cure. This research defines a machine learning-based methodology to develop an universal approach in diagnosis, detection, symptoms-based prediction, and screening of histopathology cancer, their types, and sub types using a heterogeneous dataset based on images and scans. In this architecture, we use VGG-19 based 3D-Convolutional Neural Network for deep feature extraction and later perform regression using a random forest algorithm. We create a heterogeneous dataset consisting of results from laboratory tests, imaging tests and biopsy reports, not only relying on clinical images. Initially, we categorize tumors and lesions as benign or malignant and classify the malignant lesions into their sub-types, detecting their severity and growth rate. Our system is designed to predict risk at multiple time-points, leverage optional risk factors if they are available and produce predictions that are consistent across mammography machines. We found the classification accuracy for categorizing tumors as cancerous to be 95% whereas the accuracy for classification of malignant lesions into their sub-types to be 94%..


Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Chih-Yao Hou ◽  
Pei-Hsiu Huang ◽  
Yen-Tso Lai ◽  
Shin-Ping Lin ◽  
Bo-Kang Liou ◽  
...  

Coculturing non-Saccharomyces yeasts with Saccharomyces cerevisiae could enrich the aromatic complexity of alcoholic beverages during cider brewing. Therefore, the present study performed rapid strain screening via selective culture medium and aroma analysis and adopted a response surface methodology to optimize fermentation conditions to produce 2-phenylethyl acetate (PEA), which presents a rose and honey scent. The effects of coculturing yeasts on cider quality were evaluated through hedonic sensory analysis and the check-all-that-apply (CATA) method. Hanseniaspora vineae P5 and S. cerevisiae P1 produced ciders with high levels of PEA and 2-phenylethanol, respectively. The optimal fermentation process consisted of sequential inoculation with a 31 h delay between inoculations, followed by fermentation for 14.5 d at 18.7 °C, yielding 17.41 ± 0.51 mg/L of PEA, which was 4.6-fold higher than that obtained through the unoptimized fermentation process. Additionally, the CATA results revealed that the cider produced through coculturing was associated with descriptors such as “smooth taste”, “honey”, “pineapple”, and “fruity”, which can be attributed to the high ethyl acetate and PEA levels in the cider.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Ming Xue ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Chongyuan Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Fengtao Zhang ◽  
...  

Trichoderma spp. are widely distributed in natural habitats and have been evaluated as a potential biocontrol agent (BCA) for disease control and plant growth promotion. In this study, 1308 Trichoderma strains were obtained from the plant rhizosphere soil, above-ground plants, and decaying wood from natural habitats in China. Among them, 49 Trichoderma strains showed a good inhibitory effect, especially against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with inhibition rate above 85% in the dual culture test. Among these 49 strains, the 13 strains with broad-spectrum inhibitory effects also significantly promoted the seed germination of five crops (rice, cucumber, tomato, melon, and pakchoi) and root growth of four crop seedlings (watermelon, tomato, eggplant, and chili). Furthermore, these strains showed effective colonization in the rhizosphere and root of cucumber. Trichoderma strains SC012 and NX043 showed the highest chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activity among all strains. Based on the morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1 (tef1), twelve Trichoderma strains were identified as Trichoderma asperellum and one as Trichoderma afroharzianum. This study suggests that the 13 Trichoderma strains are promising BCAs and could be developed as biofertilizers and biological pesticides for agricultural applications.


Author(s):  
Xiaojing Wen ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Shan Zhao ◽  
Qiang Liu ◽  
Wenyi Guan ◽  
...  

Human adenovirus infections can develop into diffuse multi-organ diseases in young children and immunocompromised patients, and severe cases can lead to death. However, there are no approved antiviral drugs available to treat adenovirus diseases. In this study, a chemiluminescence-based, high-throughput screening (HTS) assay was developed and applied to screen human adenovirus 5(HAdV5)inhibitors from 1,813 approved drug library and 556 traditional Chinese medicine-sourced small-molecule compounds. We identified three compounds with in vitro anti-HAdV5 activities in the low-micromolar range (EC50 values 0.3-4.5 μM, selectivity index values 20-300) that also showed inhibitory effects on HAdV3. Cardamomin (CDM) had good anti-HAdV5 activity in vitro. Furthermore, three dilutions of CDM (150, 75, and 37.5 mg/kg/d) administered to BALB/c mouse models inhibited HAdV5-fluc infection at 1 day post-infection by 80% (p < 0.05), 76% (p < 0.05), and 58% (p < 0.05), respectively. HE-staining of pathological tissue sections of mice infected with a wildtype adenoviral strain showed that CDM had a protective effect on tissues, especially in the liver, and greatly inhibited virus-induced necrosis of liver tissue. Thus, CDM inhibits adenovirus replication in vivo and in vitro. This study established a high-throughput screening method for anti-HAdV5 drugs and demonstrated CDM to be a candidate for HAdV5 therapy, potentially providing a new treatment for patients infected with adenoviruses.


Development ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein A. Saud ◽  
Paul A. O'Neill ◽  
Yosuke Ono ◽  
Bas Verbruggen ◽  
Ronny Van Aerle ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Using the self-fertilizing mangrove killifish, we characterized two mutants, shorttail (stl) and balltail (btl). These mutants showed abnormalities in the posterior notochord and muscle development. Taking advantage of a highly inbred isogenic strain of the species, we rapidly identified the mutated genes, noto and msgn1 in the stl and btl mutants, respectively, using a single lane of RNA sequencing without the need of a reference genome or genetic mapping techniques. Next, we confirmed a conserved morphant phenotype in medaka and demonstrate a crucial role of noto and msgn1 in cell sorting between the axial and paraxial part of the tail mesoderm. This novel system could substantially accelerate future small-scale forward-genetic screening and identification of mutations. Therefore, the mangrove killifish could be used as a complementary system alongside existing models for future molecular genetic studies.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xue ◽  
Yanghao Sheng ◽  
Jue Wang ◽  
Qi Huang ◽  
Fengyu Zhang ◽  
...  

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) with all-ion fragmentation (AIF) acquisition was established for an identification and quantification of illegal adulterated glucocorticoids in dietary supplements and herbal products. Next, a novel method called characteristic fragment ion list classification (CFILC) was developed for a fast screening of adulterated compounds. CFILC could provide the characteristic ions comprehensively and completely through direct extract from the MS2 library instead of finding them manually. This is time-saving and provides fast screening results with a high confidence level by filtering of a pre-calculated threshold of similarity scores for illegal adulterants that are not included in the library as well as for new emerging structural analogs. The obtained results demonstrated the great qualitative and quantitative strength of this approach, providing a promising and powerful method for a routine fast screening of illegal adulterated glucocorticoids.


Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3512
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Quanwei Zhang ◽  
Yina Li ◽  
Xingxu Zhao ◽  
Yong Zhang

Camelidae are induced ovulators whose ovulation is tightly regulated by multiple factors. Understanding the biological mechanisms underlying follicular development, hormone secretion, and ovulation requires investigating the potential molecular pathways involved. However, little is known about these pathways in Bactrian camels. To screen and identify candidate biomarkers after inducing ovulation, this study performed comprehensive proteomic and molecular biological analyses of the ovaries from two camel groups (n = 6). We identified 5075 expressed ovarian proteins, of which 404 were differentially expressed (264 upregulated, 140 downregulated) (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), in samples from plasma-induced versus control camels. Gene ontology annotation identified the potential functions of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). These results validated the differential expression for a subset of these proteins using Western blot (p < 0.05) and immunofluorescence staining. Three DEPs (FST, NR5A1, and PRL) were involved in neurochemical signal transduction, as well as endocrine and reproductive hormone regulatory processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated the involvement of several pathways, including the calcium, cAMP, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, MAPK, and neuroactive ligand–receptor signaling pathways, suggesting that induced ovulation depends on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis. Identifying these candidate biomarkers enables a better understanding of Bactrian camel reproduction. Ovarian proteomic profiling and the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods is a promising approach for studying induced-ovulation mechanisms.


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