Agronomic performance of common and tepary bean genotypes and their response to ashy stem blight in Isabela and Lajas, Puerto Rico

1969 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 309-317

Author(s):

Linda Wessel-Beaver ◽

César Cardona Castro ◽

Paul R. Hepperly

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Multiple Location ◽

Ear Height ◽

The Mean

Six hard endosperm (modified) opaque-2 (o2) corn populations from CIMMYT were compared with local corn cultivars Diente de Caballo and Mayorbela. Grain yield, days to 50% anthesis, plant and ear height, endosperm modification, and lodging were measured. Diente de Caballo was very late in flowering, whereas Mayorbela was earlier than the mean of the o2 genotypes, Diente de Caballo and Mayorbela were taller than o2 genotypes; thus they were more susceptible to lodging. Diente de Caballo was higher yielding than o2 genotypes, but Mayorbela ranked among the lowest yielders at all locations. The· magnitude of the local x genotype variance suggests that multiple location testing would be needed to distinguish between yield and degree of modification of different genotypes. Other traits studied could be tested at one location.

Download Full-text

Reaction of Select Tepary Bean to Bean Golden Mosaic Virus

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.3.430 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 430-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Phillip N. Miklas ◽

Jose Santiago

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Tepary Bean ◽

Phaseolus Acutifolius ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Bean Golden Mosaic Virus ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

The Tropics

Cultivated tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray var. latifolius Freeman) has potential for production during the hot, dry seasons in the tropics. Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), however, seriously limits production of Phaseolus spp. in such environments. Twelve select tepary beans were evaluated for reaction to BGMV across four field nurseries near Isabela, Puerto Rico. Disease reaction was principally determined by measurement of seed yield (kg·ha–1) and weight (g 100/seeds). All tepary beans possessed some tolerance to BGMV, as they produced comparatively moderate seed yield despite expression of severe foliar yellow mosaic symptoms. On average, tepary bean yielded 133% of the BGMV-resistant dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) control `Dorado'. Four teparies, Neb-T-6-s, GN-610-s, Neb-T-8a-s, and PI 321637-s, expressed superior tolerance to BGMV as they yielded above the trial mean in at least three of four trials. Harvested seed quality was uniformly poor across all lines, averaging 18% less weight than in the non-BGMV trials. The combination of the observed tolerance with escape mechanisms and cultural disease control practices may enable production of tepary bean in regions and seasons that experience moderate to severe BGMV epidemics.

Download Full-text

Host Response to Black Leaf Streak and Agronomic Performance of Banana Genotypes in Puerto Rico

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13876-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 1808-1817

Author(s):

Brian M. Irish ◽

Ricardo Goenaga ◽

Sirena Montalvo-Katz ◽

Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba ◽

Inge Van den Bergh

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Research Station ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Department Of Agriculture ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Black Leaf Streak ◽

Agronomic Potential ◽

Disease Pressure

Bananas are one of the most important fruits, serving as a cash crop and staple food in many regions of the world. In Puerto Rico, bananas are an important agricultural industry, supplying all the fruit needed for local demand. Diseases significantly limit production, and the evaluation and adoption of improved genetic resistance in bananas might provide an avenue for long-term sustainable production. To this end, nine enhanced genotypes from international selection and breeding programs were introduced and evaluated for their response to black leaf streak (BLS) (Pseudocercospora fijiensis Morelet) and for their agronomic performance. Bananas were evaluated as part of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) and Bioversity International’s International Musa Testing Program (IMTP). Improved genotypes were compared with disease-resistant and disease-susceptible reference genotypes across two cropping cycles. Field plants were grown following commercial production practices with no BLS management. Significant differences in disease reactions were observed during both cropping cycles for test and reference genotypes. Under high disease pressure, ‘FHIA-21’, ‘FHLORBAN 916’, and ‘FHLORBAN 920’ test genotypes showed higher numbers of functional leaves and lower disease severity at harvest in both cycles. Short cycling times were also observed for the two FHLORBAN genotypes. Larger bunches with a high number of fruits were produced by the ‘IBP 12’, ‘IBP 5-B’, and ‘IBP 5-61’ selections. Several of the GCTCV test genotypes were extremely susceptible to BLS, did not perform as expected, and appeared to be off-types. Several of the test genotypes performed well, although currently none possessed all needed traits for a commercial banana substitute. Regardless, several test genotypes have agronomic potential because they have been selected for disease resistance to other important pathogens (e.g., fusarium wilt) and therefore have become part of the permanent TARS collection. Future efforts will continue to focus on the IMTP collaboration and introduction of promising banana genotypes for evaluations.

Download Full-text

Agronomic Performance and Hydrocyanic Acid Potential (HCN-p) of Single and Three-Way Sorghum-Forage Hybrids and DeKalb Hybrid SX-17

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v67i1.7689 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 39-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Torres-Cardona ◽

A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽

L. Telek

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Crude Protein ◽

The Other ◽

Hydrocyanic Acid ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Forage Production ◽

Single Cross ◽

Acid Potential ◽

High Forage

Eleven sorghum forage entries, including five single crosses, five threeway hybrids and DeKalb hybrid SX-17 were evaluated for yield of green forage (GF), yield of dry forage (DF), crude protein (CP) content, CP yield, height, leaf area, number of tillers, leaf-stem ratio and hydrocyanic acid potential (HCN-p) at lsabela, Puerto Rico. Four cuttings were made. The second harvest, 112 days after planting, had the highest DF yield, and the lowest CP content. When data for all harvests were combined, the single cross of ATX624 x Common sudangrass, three-way hybrid (ATX624 x BRhodesian) x Common sudangrass and single cross hybrid ARhodesian x Common sudangrass produced the highest DF yields. These were significantly higher than those of OeKalb hybrid SX-17. The highest DF yield was that from single cross hybrid ATX624 x Common sudangrass (17,303 kg/ha in 217 days), which exceeded by 11% and 13% the 2nd and 3rd highest producers. Based on orthogonal comparisons, single crosses were on the average superior to three-way hybrids in yield and most of the other characteristics studied. Three-way hybrids had a lower average HCN content (250 p/m) than single crosses (285 p/m). These values are slightly higher than the 200 p/m level at which HCN toxicity may begin to affect animals. Results indicate that any of the three top hybrids of this study would be an excellent choice for farmers desiring high forage production under irrigation in Puerto Rico.

Download Full-text