Characterization of normal brain tissue using seven calculated MRI parameters and a statistical analysis system

AbstractThe efficacy of combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor blockade to treat brain tumors is currently the subject of multiple investigations and holds significant therapeutic promise. However, the long-term effects of this combination therapy on the normal brain tissue are unknown. Here, we examined mice that were intracranially implanted with murine glioma cell line and became long-term survivors after treatment with a combination of 10 Gy cranial irradiation (RT) and anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade (aPD-1). Post-mortem analysis of the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to tumor implantation showed complete abolishment of hippocampal neurogenesis, but neural stem cells were well preserved in subventricular zone. In addition, we observed a drastic reduction in the number of mature oligodendrocytes in the subcortical white matter. Importantly, this observation was evident specifically in the combined (RT + aPD-1) treatment group but not in the single treatment arm of either RT alone or aPD-1 alone. Elimination of microglia with a small molecule inhibitor of colony stimulated factor-1 receptor (PLX5622) prevented the loss of mature oligodendrocytes. These results identify for the first time a unique pattern of normal tissue changes in the brain secondary to combination treatment with radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The results also suggest a role for microglia as key mediators of the adverse treatment effect.

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Quantitative Measurements of Regional Glucose Utilization and Rate of Valine Incorporation into Proteins by Double-Tracer Autoradiography in the Rat Brain Tumor Model

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1989.12 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Michihiro Kirikae ◽

Mirko Diksic ◽

Y. Lucas Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Brain Tumor ◽

Rat Brain ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Tumor Model ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Normal Brain Tissue ◽

Rat Brain Tumor ◽

Brain Tumor Model

We examined the rate of glucose utilization and the rate of valine incorporation into proteins using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose and L-[1-14C]-valine in a rat brain tumor model by quantitative double-tracer autoradiography. We found that in the implanted tumor the rate of valine incorporation into proteins was about 22 times and the rate of glucose utilization was about 1.5 times that in the contralateral cortex. (In the ipsilateral cortex, the tumor had a profound effect on glucose utilization but no effect on the rate of valine incorporation into proteins.) Our findings suggest that it is more useful to measure protein synthesis than glucose utilization to assess the effectiveness of antitumor agents and their toxicity to normal brain tissue. We compared two methods to estimate the rate of valine incorporation: “kinetic” (quantitation done using an operational equation and the average brain rate coefficients) and “washed slices” (unbound labeled valine removed by washing brain slices in 10% thrichloroacetic acid). The results were the same using either method. It would seem that the kinetic method can thus be used for quantitative measurement of protein synthesis in brain tumors and normal brain tissue using [11C]-valine with positron emission tomography.

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PET Study of Methionine Accumulation in Glioma and Normal Brain Tissue

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography ◽

10.1097/00004728-198703000-00002 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 208-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Mats Bergström ◽

Kaj Ericson ◽

Lars Hagenfeldt ◽

Mikael Mosskin ◽

Hans von Holst ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Normal Brain Tissue

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Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics

10.1079/9781789249927.0000 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Science Research ◽

Plant Science ◽

Data Sets ◽

Statistical Analysis System ◽

Key Topics ◽

Analysis System ◽

User Friendly ◽

Enormous Number

Abstract The correct design, analysis and interpretation of plant science experiments is imperative for continued improvements in agricultural production worldwide. The enormous number of design and analysis options available for correctly implementing, analyzing and interpreting research can be overwhelming. Statistical Analysis System (SAS®) is the most widely used statistical software in the world and SAS® OnDemand for Academics is now freely available for academic insttutions. This is a user-friendly guide to statistics using SAS® OnDemand for Academics, ideal for facilitating the design and analysis of plant science experiments. It presents the most frequently used statistical methods in an easy-to-follow and non-intimidating fashion, and teaches the appropriate use of SAS® within the context of plant science research. This book contains 21 chapters that covers experimental designs and data analysis protocols; is presented as a how-to guide with many examples; includes freely downloadable data sets; and examines key topics such as ANOVA, mean separation, non-parametric analysis and linear regression.

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Quantitative Analysis of Mobile Proteins in Normal Brain Tissue by Amide Proton Transfer Imaging

Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography ◽

10.1097/rct.0000000000001141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Kazuaki Sugawara ◽

Tosiaki Miyati ◽

Ryo Ueda ◽

Daisuke Yoshimaru ◽

Masanobu Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Proton Transfer ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Amide Proton ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Normal Brain Tissue ◽

Amide Proton Transfer ◽

Amide Proton Transfer Imaging

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Qualidade de vida em sujeitos respiradores orais e oronasais

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/s1516-18462012005000048 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirian Hideko Nagae ◽

Marcelo Corrêa Alves ◽

Renato Lyuti Kinoshita ◽

Zélia Z L de Camargo Bittencourt ◽

Heloisa Gagliardo

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis System ◽

Analysis System

OBJETIVO: investigar a qualidade de vida de sujeitos com respiração oral ou oronasal. MÉTODO: compuseram a amostra 49 voluntários, distribuídos em dois grupos: grupo de respiradores orais com 24 sujeitos e grupo de respiradores oronasais com 25 sujeitos, com faixa etária ente 18 e 38 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. O protocolo utilizado foi o WHOQOL-BREF (versão em português) e o registro e análise dos dados foi realizado pelo sistema Statistical Analysis System. RESULTADOS: os resultados obtidos foram submetidos aos testes de qui-quadrado de Mantel-Haenszele análise de variância. A qualidade de vida dos respiradores mistos se revelou inferior nos domínios ambiental, físico e psicológico em relação aos respiradores orais. CONCLUSÃO: com a detecção das diferenças obtidas, o estudo chama a atenção para a necessidade de aprofundar investigações sobre o perfil dos respiradores oronasais e sua relevância. Para que condutas como desconsiderar o grupo de respiradores oronasais ou agrupá-los como respiradores orais não sejam adotadas de forma inadequada.

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Glutathione S-Transferases and Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Expression in Patients with Intracranial Tumors: Preliminary Report of 55 Patients

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000494496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 56-62

Author(s):

Cahit Kural ◽

Arzu Kaya Kocdogan ◽

Gulcin Güler Şimşek ◽

Serpil Oğuztüzün ◽

Pınar Kaygın ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Pituitary Adenomas ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Cytochrome P450 Enzyme ◽

Intracranial Tumors ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Normal Brain Tissue ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

P450 Enzyme

Objective: Intracranial tumors are one of the most frightening and difficult-to-treat tumor types. In addition to surgery, protocols such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy also take place in the treatment. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are prominent drug-metabolizing enzymes in the human body. The aim of this study is to show the expression of GSTP1, GSTM1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1 in different types of brain tumors and compare our results with those in the literature. Subjects and Methods: The expression of GSTP1, GSTM1, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1 was analyzed using immunostaining in 55 patients with intracranial tumors in 2016–2017. For GST and CYP expression in normal brain tissue, samples of a portion of surrounding normal brain tissue as well as a matched far neighbor of tumor tissue were used. The demographic features of the patients were documented and the expression results compared. Results: The mean age of the patients was 46.72 years; 29 patients were female and 26 were male. Fifty-seven specimens were obtained from 55 patients. Among them, meningioma was diagnosed in 12, metastases in 12, glioblastoma in 9, and pituitary adenoma in 5. The highest GSTP1, GSTM1, and CYP1A1 expressions were observed in pituitary adenomas. The lowest GSTP1 expression was detected in glioblastomas and the lowest CYP1B1 expression in pituitary adenomas. Conclusion: GSTP1 and CYP expression is increased in intracranial tumors. These results should be confirmed with a larger series and different enzyme subtypes.

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Intervalo de partos em rebanho Nelore na Amazônia Oriental

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982000000500010 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 1327-1331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco Aloísio Cavalcante ◽

Raimundo Martins Filho ◽

Claudio Cabral Campello ◽

Raimundo Nonato Braga Lobo ◽

Gabrimar Araujo Martins

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis System ◽

Analysis System

O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar intervalo de partos (IDP) na raça Nelore, utilizando 578 dados de intervalo de partos de animais criados em regime de pasto, no período de 1988 a 1996. Para as análises estatísticas dos dados, foi usado o Programa SAS (Statistical Analysis System). Foram incluídos no modelo o efeito aleatório do pai da vaca, os efeitos fixos de grupo genético da cria anterior, de ano do parto anterior e do mês do parto anterior e as interações entre grupo genético anterior e mês do parto anterior, grupo genético anterior e ano do parto anterior, além da idade da vaca ao parto como covariável. O IDP foi influenciado pelo pai da vaca e pelo ano do parto anterior. A média estimada por quadrado mínimo e seu respectivo erro-padrão (EP) e coeficiente de variação (CV) foram 431,83 ± 142,76 dias e 33,06%, respectivamente. O intervalo de partos, além do efeito de pai, sofreu influência de ambiente. O desempenho reprodutivo do rebanho estudado, para as condições de clima tropical, pode ser considerado como satisfatório, estando de acordo com os parâmetros obtidos por outros autores em diferentes regiões.

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