Meal timing during alternate day fasting: Impact on body weight and cardiovascular disease risk in obese adults

Emerging research indicates that nuts are a source of health-promoting compounds demonstrating cardioprotective benefits. However, most studies have assessed the effect of single nuts rather than a nut mixture. The objective of this study was, therefore, to examine the effect of mixed-nut consumption on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese adults. In a randomized, parallel-arm, controlled trial, 48 participants consumed isocaloric (250 kcal) amounts of pretzels or mixed-nuts. Body weight (BW) (p = 0.024), BMI (p = 0.043), and insulin levels (p = 0.032) were significantly lower in the nut group compared to the pretzel group. Mixed-nut consumption also significantly reduced glucose (p = 0.04) and insulin (p = 0.032) levels after 4 and 8 weeks compared to baseline, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase of the nut group was significantly lower than the pretzel group (p = 0.002). No significant differences were detected between groups for triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C. However, pretzel consumption increased triglycerides (p = 0.048) from 4 weeks to 8 weeks. Moreover, LDL-C increased (p = 0.038) while HDL-C transiently decreased (p = 0.044) from baseline to 4 weeks. No significant lipid changes were detected within the nut group. Our results suggest that supplementing the diet with mixed-nuts could improve CVD risk factors by improving BW and glucose regulation in comparison to a common carbohydrate-rich snack without promoting the negative effects on lipids detected with pretzels.

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Alternate Day Fasting Combined with a High Protein/low Carbohydrate Diet: Effect on Body Weight and Metabolic Disease Risk Factors in Obese Adults (P21-018-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz041.p21-018-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Faiza Kalam ◽

Kelsey Gabel ◽

Eric Wiseman ◽

Krista Varady

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Disease Risk ◽

High Protein ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Alternate Day Fasting

Abstract Objectives This pilot study is the first to examine the impact of alternate day fasting (ADF) combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet on body weight and metabolic disease risk factors in obese adults. Methods Obese adults (n = 10) followed an ADF diet (600 kcal fast day alternated with an ad libitum feast day; 35% protein, 22% carbohydrate, 43% fat) for 6 months. Meal replacements were consumed on the fast and feast days, in addition to regular foods, to help attain macronutrient targets. Results Body weight decreased (P < 0.001) by 8.4 ± 1.7 kg (8.6 ± 1.7%) after 6 months. Fat mass and visceral fat mass were reduced (P < 0.05) by 6.4 ± 1.6 kg and 0.2 ± 0.1 kg, respectively. Lean mass decreased (P < 0.05) by 1.3 ± 0.6 kg. Systolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 10 ± 3 mm Hg, and diastolic blood pressure was reduced (P < 0.05) by 6 ± 3 mm Hg. Fasting glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and HbA1c remained unchanged after 6 months of diet. LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased (P < 0.001) by10 ± 4% and 15 ± 8%, respectively, after 6 months. HDL cholesterol levels decreased by 6 ± 3% from baseline to post-treatment. Conclusions These preliminary findings suggest that ADF combined with a high protein/low carbohydrate diet is effective for lowering body weight, visceral fat mass, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, this diet has no effect on glucoregulatory factors. While these preliminary findings are promising, they still require confirmation by a larger-scale clinical trial. Funding Sources Nestle Health Sciences Grant.

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Moderate carbohydrate, moderate protein weight loss diet reduces cardiovascular disease risk compared to high carbohydrate, low protein diet in obese adults: A randomized clinical trial

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/1743-7075-5-30 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 30 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Denise Lasker ◽

Ellen M Evans ◽

Donald K Layman

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Obese Adults ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Low Protein

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Improvements In Cardiorespiratory Fitness Are Associated With Reductions In Body Weight And Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors In Middle Aged Men

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000402186.85292.33 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 786

Author(s):

Sae Young Jae ◽

Kevin Heffernan ◽

Yoon-Ho Choi ◽

Bo Fernhall

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Body Weight ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽

Middle Aged

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Finasteride Reduces Total Cholesterol in LDLR-Deficient Mice

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab033_035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 35-35

Author(s):

James McQueen ◽

Ivan Pinos ◽

Jaime Amengual

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Body Weight ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽

Dose Group ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

The Other ◽

High Dose ◽

Prostate Size

Abstract Objectives Androgen imbalance is associated with cardiovascular disease risk but the exact impact on lipid and glucose profile is unknown. Finasteride (FIN) prevents the conversion of testosterone to its active metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by inhibiting the type II 5alpha-reductase. Our objective is to examine the impact of FIN on cardiovascular disease risk. We hypothesize that FIN delays the progression of atherosclerosis by ameliorating hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Methods We used the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient (Ldlr−/−) mouse model as a widely regarded model of atherosclerotic plaque development in rodents. Four-week-old male mice (n = 9–15/group) were fed a Western-diet containing 41% fat +0.3% cholesterol with increasing doses of FIN (10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg diet) for 12 weeks. Littermates fed Western-diet without FIN were used as a control group. A week before tissue harvest, mice were subjected to a glucose tolerance test (GTT). At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed, and their tissue and body weights were analyzed. A total cholesterol assay was performed at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Results We examined prostate size, whose growth is DHT dependent, as an indicator of the effect of finasteride in our experimental model. We observed a dose-dependent effect of FIN on prostate size for all the doses (P < .0001), indicating FIN had a physiological impact on these mice. No changes in food intake or circulating transaminase levels were observed, discarding any evidence of food intolerability or hepatic toxicity. FIN did not alter GTT among experimental groups or any other biometric parameter. However, we observed a significant reduction in body weight gain in the high dose group (P = .0027) in comparison to the other experimental groups. Total cholesterol levels at the time of the sacrifice were significantly reduced in the high dose group (P < .0001) in comparison to the other experimental groups. Future experiments will include atherosclerotic plaque characterization of both size and composition. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a high dose of FIN is associated with a reduction of total plasma cholesterol and body weight in Ldlr−/− mice. Funding Sources USDA multistate hatch project (W4002)

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