A Systematic Review of Dietary Supplements and Alternative Therapies for Weight Loss

Obesity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1102-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Batsis ◽  
John W. Apolzan ◽  
Pamela J. Bagley ◽  
Heather B. Blunt ◽  
Vidita Divan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Alternative Therapies

Comparing effectiveness of fat burners and thermogenic supplements to diet and exercise for weight loss and cardiometabolic health: Systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098236
Author(s):  
James E Clark ◽  
Sarah Welch
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Background: Those who are overfat face an onslaught of advice for losing weight, including using dietary supplements that purport to have fat burning capabilities to achieve a reduced body mass, fat mass and improvement in cardiometabolic health in combination with exercise or diet and exercise regimens. Aim: To examine long-term effectiveness of supplements for both weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic health for these individuals. Methods: A PRISMA methods of systematic review was conducted from August 2018 through January 2019 using Medline, PubChem, PubMed, EBOSCO CINHAL and SPORTDiscus, and Google Scholar yielding 23,441 returns of which 21 studies (duration greater than 8 weeks with participant populations of BMI greater than 24.9) were included for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis examined pooled effect size and 95% confidence interval for: body mass, fat mass, fat-free mass, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, resting metabolic rate. Intra-study effect sizes were compared with previously reported results for diet or diet and exercise in a 2x2 chi-square analysis for the number of studies that induced effects greater than or less than the effect size. Results: There is a general trend to show effectiveness (effect size greater than 0.00) for obtaining beneficial changes from use of thermogenic dietary supplements, yet the 95% confidence interval for effect size crossed 0.00 (indicating no benefit). Chi-square comparison to exercise, or combination of diet and exercise, indicates that responses induced from weight-loss supplements were less effective than what is obtained from utilizing exercise, or diet and exercise, without additional weight-loss supplements. Conclusion: There appears to be limited benefit that may be derived from the inclusion of thermogenic dietary supplements to reduce body mass and improve cardiometabolic health for individuals who are overfat.

A systematic review of the evidence for interventions to increase levels of physical activity in patients following weight loss surgery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer James ◽  
Victoria Sprung ◽  
Wendy Hardeman ◽  
Mark Goodall ◽  
Helen Eborall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Surgery

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of low and very low carbohydrate diets for type 2 diabetes remission: systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished randomized trial data

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. m4743
Author(s):  
Joshua Z Goldenberg ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
Grant D Brinkworth ◽  
Junko Sato ◽  
Satoru Yamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Remission Of Diabetes

Abstract Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low carbohydrate diets (VLCDs) for people with type 2 diabetes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Searches of CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, CAB, and grey literature sources from inception to 25 August 2020. Study selection Randomized clinical trials evaluating LCDs (<130 g/day or <26% of a 2000 kcal/day diet) and VLCDs (<10% calories from carbohydrates) for at least 12 weeks in adults with type 2 diabetes were eligible. Data extraction Primary outcomes were remission of diabetes (HbA 1c <6.5% or fasting glucose <7.0 mmol/L, with or without the use of diabetes medication), weight loss, HbA 1c , fasting glucose, and adverse events. Secondary outcomes included health related quality of life and biochemical laboratory data. All articles and outcomes were independently screened, extracted, and assessed for risk of bias and GRADE certainty of evidence at six and 12 month follow-up. Risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random effects meta-analysis. Outcomes were assessed according to a priori determined minimal important differences to determine clinical importance, and heterogeneity was investigated on the basis of risk of bias and seven a priori subgroups. Any subgroup effects with a statistically significant test of interaction were subjected to a five point credibility checklist. Results Searches identified 14 759 citations yielding 23 trials (1357 participants), and 40.6% of outcomes were judged to be at low risk of bias. At six months, compared with control diets, LCDs achieved higher rates of diabetes remission (defined as HbA 1c <6.5%) (76/133 (57%) v 41/131 (31%); risk difference 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.47; 8 studies, n=264, I 2 =58%). Conversely, smaller, non-significant effect sizes occurred when a remission definition of HbA 1c <6.5% without medication was used. Subgroup assessments determined as meeting credibility criteria indicated that remission with LCDs markedly decreased in studies that included patients using insulin. At 12 months, data on remission were sparse, ranging from a small effect to a trivial increased risk of diabetes. Large clinically important improvements were seen in weight loss, triglycerides, and insulin sensitivity at six months, which diminished at 12 months. On the basis of subgroup assessments deemed credible, VLCDs were less effective than less restrictive LCDs for weight loss at six months. However, this effect was explained by diet adherence. That is, among highly adherent patients on VLCDs, a clinically important reduction in weight was seen compared with studies with less adherent patients on VLCDs. Participants experienced no significant difference in quality of life at six months but did experience clinically important, but not statistically significant, worsening of quality of life and low density lipoprotein cholesterol at 12 months. Otherwise, no significant or clinically important between group differences were found in terms of adverse events or blood lipids at six and 12 months. Conclusions On the basis of moderate to low certainty evidence, patients adhering to an LCD for six months may experience remission of diabetes without adverse consequences. Limitations include continued debate around what constitutes remission of diabetes, as well as the efficacy, safety, and dietary satisfaction of longer term LCDs. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42020161795.

Intermittent Versus Continuous Energy Restriction for Weight Loss and Metabolic Improvement: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review

Obesity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Shasha He ◽  
Jiao Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jixiong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Continuous Energy

scholarly journals Effectiveness of weight loss interventions – is there a difference between men and women: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Williams ◽  
L. G. Wood ◽  
C. E. Collins ◽  
R. Callister
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions
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