Neighborhood social cohesion and physical activity and obesity outcomes among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander individuals

Introduction: Neighborhood walkability and neighborhood social cohesion have been shown to contribute to physical activity. However, limited research has examined neighborhood social cohesion as a moderator in the association between neighborhood walkability and aerobic physical activity among Latino adults. We examined associations of neighborhood walkability using measures assessing built environment and safety, with meeting the aerobic activity guideline among a large nationally representative diverse sample of Latino adults. Methods: We used cross-sectional data from 4,765 NHIS 2015 Latino participants 18 years of age and older. Neighborhood walkability was assessed based on self-reported measures of built environment (e.g., presence of sidewalks, presence of paths/trails) and neighborhood safety (e.g., presence of traffic, crime). A neighborhood walkability score was created by combining the built environment and neighborhood safety items, with a higher score indicating higher walkability. Aerobic activity was categorized as meeting versus not meeting the aerobic activity guideline, based on 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans . Neighborhood social cohesion was measured based on self-reported items assessing perceived neighborhood social cohesion. Survey logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios [OR] and 95% confidence intervals [CI], with covariates adjusting for age, sex, education, acculturation, and neighborhood social cohesion. Effect modification by neighborhood social cohesion was tested by inclusion of a neighborhood walkability and neighborhood social cohesion interaction term. Results: On average the sample was 44 years old, 44% were male, 36% had less than a high school education, and 58% were foreign-born. After adjusting for age, sex, education, and acculturation, a one-unit higher neighborhood walkability score was associated with significantly higher odds of meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.11), relative to not meeting the aerobic activity guideline. After adding neighborhood social cohesion to the adjusted model, the association between neighborhood walkability and meeting the aerobic activity guideline was slightly attenuated, but remained significant (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.11). Results from the effect modification test indicated that the neighborhood walkability and neighborhood social cohesion interaction term was not significant. Conclusions: These findings suggest that neighborhood walkability contributes to meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline among Latino adults. However, neighborhood social cohesion does not moderate the association between neighborhood walkability and meeting the aerobic activity guideline.

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Racial/Ethnic Differences in Associations Between Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines, United States, 2013–2014

Preventing Chronic Disease ◽

10.5888/pcd13.160261 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Stella S. Yi ◽

Chau Trinh-Shevrin ◽

Irene H. Yen ◽

Simona C. Kwon

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

United States ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Physical Activity Guidelines ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Physical Activity, Diabetes, and Heart Conditions Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Older Adults

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 403-404

Author(s):

Yeonjung (Jane) Lee ◽

Tyran Terada

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Older Adult ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Native Hawaiian ◽

Adult Population ◽

Pacific Islander ◽

The United States ◽

Activity Promotion ◽

Older Adult Population

Abstract The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHOPI) older adult population remains understudied and are disproportionately affected by diabetes and heart conditions. Research has shown that participating in physical activity is a protective factor for many of the health conditions experienced by older adults. Yet, the link between physical activity, diabetes, and heart conditions among the NHOPI older adult population is limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of NHOPI older adults and to explore the association between physical activity levels and diabetes/heart conditions. Methods and findings Using data from the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey (NHPI NHIS), which is considered to have a representative sample of NHOPI, the study explores the associations between physical activity and diabetes/heart conditions. A total of 1,045 older adults ages 50 years and older were included for analyses. Weighted multivariate analyses with multiple imputation techniques were used. The NHPI NHIS is the first federal survey focusing on the NHOPI population of the United States with rich information on health. Results and Implications Those with who were engaged in a sufficient physical activity had lower odds of having diabetes or heart conditions than their counterparts without physical activity while controlling for other sociodemographic characteristics. Findings highlight the importance of physical activity promotion intervention in preventing cardiovascular disease. Research and practice addressing health disparities and cardiovascular conditions should leverage efforts to provide culturally relevant physical activity types and resources to NHOPI older adults.

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Association between neighborhood social cohesion, awareness of chronic diseases, and participation in healthy behaviors in a community cohort

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11633-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew M. Rosenblatt ◽

Deidra C. Crews ◽

Neil R. Powe ◽

Alan B. Zonderman ◽

Michele K. Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

African Americans ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Self Management ◽

Healthy Behaviors ◽

Disease Awareness ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽

Management Behaviors

Abstract Background Neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) is the network of relationships as well as the shared values and norms of residents in a neighborhood. Higher NSC has been associated with improved cardiovascular health, largely among Whites but not African Americans. In a bi-racial cohort, we aimed to study the association between NSC and chronic disease awareness and engagement in healthy self-management behaviors, two potential mechanisms by which NSC could impact cardiovascular health outcomes. Methods Using the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Lifespan Study (HANDLS), we cross-sectionally examined the association between NSC and awareness of three chronic conditions (diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension) and engagement in healthy self-management behaviors including physical activity, healthy eating, and cigarette avoidance. Results Study participants (n = 2082) had a mean age of 56.5 years; 38.7% were White and 61.4% African American. Of the participants, 26% had diabetes, 70% had hypertension and 20.2% had CKD. Mean NSC was 3.3 (SD = 0.80) on a scale of 1 (lowest score) to 5 (highest score). There was no significant association between NSC and any chronic disease awareness, overall or by race. However, each higher point in mean NSC score was associated with less cigarette use and healthier eating scores, among Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: =0.76, 0.61–0.94; beta coefficient [βc]:, 95% CI: 1.75; 0.55–2.97, respectively) but not African Americans (aOR = 0.95, 0.79–1.13; βc: 0.46, − 0.48–1.39, respectively; Pinteraction = 0.08 and 0.06). Among both Whites and African Americans, higher NSC scores were associated with increases in self-reported physical activity (βc: 0.12; 0.08–0.16; Pinteraction = 0.40). Conclusions Community engagement and neighborhood social cohesion may be important targets for promotion of healthy behaviors and cardiovascular disease prevention. More research is needed to understand the different associations of NSC and healthy behaviors by race.

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Abstract P284: Social Engagement and Cardiovascular Risk Behaviors: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p284 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura J Samuel ◽

Cheryl R Dennison Himmelfarb ◽

Teresa E Seeman ◽

Sandra E Echeverria ◽

Moyses Szklo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Social Support ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Social Engagement ◽

Vegetable Intake ◽

Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Ethnic Study ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion

Although social engagement is important to health behaviors, prior studies mostly considered only one of multiple different dimensions of it, with inconsistent results. Presence of countervailing or interacting influences of different types of social engagement may account for prior conflicting findings. This study identifies which dimensions of social engagement are associated with risk behaviors of smoking, low levels of physical activity, and a diet poor of fruit and vegetable intake. Cross-sectional data from 5004 participants, aged 45-84 from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was used. Social support was measured using the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument, loneliness with a three item instrument derived from the revised University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and neighborhood social cohesion with the instrument from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Prevalence ratios of behaviors associated with standardized social engagement variables were modeled with Poisson regression, using robust standard errors. In unadjusted analyses, higher social support and neighborhood social cohesion were associated with slightly lower prevalence of smoking (prevalence ratio, PR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.77-0.87, and PR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98, respectively) and slightly higher likelihood of achieving recommended levels of physical activity (PR=1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07, and PR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07, respectively). Higher loneliness was associated with slightly higher prevalence of smoking (PR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.10-1.24) and slightly less physical activity (PR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98 ) . Associations of social support and loneliness with smoking, and associations of social support and neighborhood cohesion with physical activity, persisted after adjusting for individual characteristics. After further adjusting for all dimensions of social engagement, only neighborhood social cohesion remained associated with very slightly higher probability of achieving recommended physical activity levels (PR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.05), and only social support remained associated with lower prevalence of smoking (PR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.81, 0.94) and higher probability of quitting, amongst those who had ever smoked (PR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06). Social support interacted with loneliness (p for interaction=0.001), such that these associations were present only amongst non-lonely individuals (PR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.69, 0.86). In fully adjusted models, no associations were found for fruit and vegetable intake. This study is among the first to simultaneously investigate several dimensions of social engagement and their interactions in relation to risk behaviors. Social support is more consistently associated with smoking than other dimensions of social engagement and this association appears to be modified by loneliness.

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Multiple Health Behaviors Engagement in an African American Cohort: Clustering Patterns and Correlates

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198119826207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 506-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dalnim Cho ◽

Nga T. Nguyen ◽

Larkin L. Strong ◽

Ivan H. C. Wu ◽

Jemima C. John ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

African American ◽

Health Behaviors ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Multiple Health Behaviors ◽

Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽

Class 1 ◽

Multiple Health ◽

Clustering Patterns ◽

Lower Physical Activity

We investigated class clustering patterns of four behaviors—physical activity, fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake, smoking, and alcohol use—in a faith-based African American cohort. Guided by socio-ecological models, we also examined the psychosocial and neighborhood social environmental factors associated with the clustering patterns. Participants were 1,467 African American adults recruited from a mega church in the metropolitan Houston, TX, in 2008-2009. They completed a survey and health assessment. Latent class analysis and multinomial regression analysis were conducted. Results supported a three-class model: Class 1 was characterized by low physical activity, low F&V intake, and low substance use (smoking and alcohol use). Class 2 was characterized by high physical activity, low F&V intake, and mild drinking. Class 3 seemed to be the healthiest group, characterized by high physical activity, moderate-to-high F&V intake, and low substance use. The probabilities of being included in Classes 1, 2, and 3 were .33, .48, and .19, respectively. Participants in Class 1 (vs. Class 3) reported lower physical activity norm ( p < .001) and higher smoking norm ( p = .002) and lower neighborhood social cohesion ( p = .031). Participants in Class 2 (vs. Class 3) reported higher cancer risk perception ( p < .001), lower F&V norm ( p = .022), lower physical activity norm ( p < .001), higher smoking norm ( p < .001), and lower social cohesion ( p = .047). As health behaviors are clustered together, future interventions for African Americans may consider targeting multiple health behaviors instead of targeting a single health behavior. Interventions addressing social norm and neighborhood social cohesion may enhance multiple health behaviors engagement in this population.

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