Collisional activation spectra at improved resolving power obtained by the use of a collision chamber and a linked scan of the electric and magnetic sector field strengths

1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 429-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Stradling ◽  
K. R. Jennings ◽  
S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Collisional Activation ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Magnetic Sector ◽  
Collision Chamber ◽  
Field Strengths

Calculation of the Ion Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Magnetic Sector Fields Part 3: Oblique Incidence and Exit at Curved Boundaries

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 822-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Tasman ◽  
A. J. H. Boerboom ◽  
H. Wachsmuth
Keyword(s):  
Oblique Incidence ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Curved Boundaries ◽  
Magnetic Sector ◽  
Mass Resolving Power ◽  
Mass Dispersion ◽  
Fringing Fields

In previous papers 1.2we presented the radial second order imaging properties of inhomogeneous magnetic sector fields with normal incidence and exit at plane boundaries. These fields may provide very high mass resolving power and mass dispersion without increase in radius or decrease of slit widths. In the present paper the calculations are extended to include the effect of oblique incidence and exit at curved boundaries. The influence of the fringing fields on axial focusing when the boundaries are oblique, is accounted for. It is shown that the second order angular aberration may Le eliminated by appropriate curvature of the boundaries.

Calculation of the Ion Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Magnetic Sector Fields, Part 2: The Second Order Aberrations Outside the Median Plane

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wachsmuth ◽  
A. J. H. Boerboom ◽  
H. A. Tasman
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Magnetic Sector ◽  
Mass Dispersion ◽  
Field Boundaries ◽  
Fringing Fields

In a previous article 1 we pointed out the possible advantages of inhomogeneous magnetic sector fields for mass spectrometers, as these fields permit a substantial increase in mass dispersion and resolving power without change in radius or slit widths. In the said paper 1 we calculated the coefficients of the second order aberrations in the median plane, as well as the field shape required to eliminate the second order angular aberration in the median plane. In the present paper we calculate the second order aberrations outside the median plane referring to focusing in the radial direction. Again the influence of fringing fields is being neglected, and the field boundaries are supposed to be plane and normal to the main path at the point where it enters and leaves the field.

A newly developed prototype magnetic sector mass spectrometer with high resolving power

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. P01025-P01025
Author(s):  
F. Yan ◽  
D. Meng ◽  
C. Yongjun ◽  
S. Wenjun ◽  
L. Xiaoxu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Magnetic Sector ◽  
Sector Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Magnetic Sector Mass Spectrometer

Calculation of the Ion Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Magnetic Sector Fields, including the Second Order Aberrations in the Median Plane

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Tasman ◽  
A. J. H. Boerboom
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
Median Plane ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Central Path ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Magnetic Sector ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Approximation

Investigation is made of the ion optical properties of inhomogeneous magnetic sector fields. In first order approximation the field is assumed to vary proportional to r—n (0 ≦ n < 1); the term in the magnetic field expansion which determines the second order aberrations is chosen independent of n, which makes the elimination possible of e. g. the second order angular aberration. From the EULER— LAGRANGE equations the second order approximation of the ion trajectories in the median plane and the first order approximation outside the median plane are derived for the case of normal incidence and exit of the central path in the sector field. An equation is presented giving the shape of the pole faces required to produce the desired field. The influence of stray fields is neglected. The object ana image distances are derived, as well as the mass dispersion, the angular, lateral and axial magnification, the resolving power, and the inclination of the plane of focus of the mass spectrum. The maximum transmitted angle in the z-direction is calculated. The resolving power proves to be proportional to (1—n) -1 whereas the length of the central path is proportional to (1—n) -½. An actual example is given of a 180° sector field with n=0.91, where the mass resolving power is increased by a factor 11 as compared with a homogeneous sector field of the same radius and slit widths.

Réalisation expérimentale de l'achromatisme d'un nouveau type de spectromètre de masse

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Baril ◽  
Pierre Vallerand
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Sector ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
Electrostatic Mirror

This paper presents a brief examination of the optimum conditions for the use of an achromatic mass spectrometer consisting of a magnetic sector and a plane electrostatic mirror. The design of the apparatus is described. This spectrometer consists of two subassemblies for which the properties are calculated and measured independently. This apparatus permits the measurement of the chromatic effect of the plane electrostatic mirror and the achromatism of the system. The design of a new apparatus is also described which offers a useful compromise between high resolving power and the best energy bandwidth admissible into the spectrometer.

Magnetic-field strengths from optical polarization data

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 381-383
Author(s):  
J. M. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Polarization ◽  
Polarization Data ◽  
Term Model ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Field Strengths

Van de Hulst (Paper 64, Table 1) has marked optical polarization as a questionable or marginal source of information concerning magnetic field strengths. Rather than arguing about this–I should rate this method asq+-, or quarrelling about the term ‘model-sensitive results’, I wish to stress the historical point that as recently as two years ago there were still some who questioned that optical polarization was definitely due to magnetically-oriented interstellar particles.

Preparatory Procedures for Electron Microscopic Analysis at the Molecular Level of Resolution

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-520
Author(s):  
F.J. Sjostrand
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Obvious Reason

In the 1940's and 1950's electron microscopy conferences were attended with everybody interested in learning about the latest technical developments for one very obvious reason. There was the electron microscope with its outstanding performance but nobody could make very much use of it because we were lacking proper techniques to prepare biological specimens. The development of the thin sectioning technique with its perfectioning in 1952 changed the situation and systematic analysis of the structure of cells could now be pursued. Since then electron microscopists have in general become satisfied with the level of resolution at which cellular structures can be analyzed when applying this technique. There has been little interest in trying to push the limit of resolution closer to that determined by the resolving power of the electron microscope.

The High Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
The Moment

The high resolution STEM is now a fact of life. I think that we have, in the last few years, demonstrated that this instrument is capable of the same resolving power as a CEM but is sufficiently different in its imaging characteristics to offer some real advantages.It seems possible to prove in a quite general way that only a field emission source can give adequate intensity for the highest resolution^ and at the moment this means operating at ultra high vacuum levels. Our experience, however, is that neither the source nor the vacuum are difficult to manage and indeed are simpler than many other systems and substantially trouble-free.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Protein Macromolecules

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 424-425
Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Metal Vapor ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.

The Broad Applications of the Scanning Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 20-21
Author(s):  
C. T. Nightingale ◽  
S. E. Summers ◽  
T. P. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
Scanning Electron

The ease of operation of the scanning electron microscope has insured its wide application in medicine and industry. The micrographs are pictorial representations of surface topography obtained directly from the specimen. The need to replicate is eliminated. The great depth of field and the high resolving power provide far more information than light microscopy.

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