scholarly journals The da1 mutation in wheat increases grain size under ambient and elevated CO 2 but not grain yield due to trade‐off between grain size and grain number

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Mora‐Ramirez ◽  
Heiko Weichert ◽  
Nicolaus Wirén ◽  
Claus Frohberg ◽  
Stefanie Bodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals The da1 mutation in wheat increases grain size under ambient and elevated CO2 but not grain yield due to trade-off between grain size and grain number

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Mora-Ramirez ◽  
Heiko Weichert ◽  
Nicolaus von Wiren ◽  
Claus Frohberg ◽  
Stefanie De-Bodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off

scholarly journals GW10, a Member of P450 Subfamily Regulates Grain Size and Grain Number in Rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
PengLin Zhan ◽  
Xin Wei ◽  
Zhili Xiao ◽  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Shuaipeng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Shape ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Chromosome 10 ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Tropical Japonica ◽  
Donor Parent ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Recipient Parent

Abstract Grain size and grain number play extremely important roles in rice grain yield. Here, we identify GW10 , which encodes a P450 subfamily protein and controlls grain size and grain number by using Lemont ( tropical japonica ) as donor parent and HJX74 ( indica ) as recipient parent. The GW10 locus was mapped into a 20.1 kb region on the long arm of Chromosome 10. Lower expression of the gw10 in panicle is contributed to the shorter and narrower rice grain, and the increased number of grains per panicle. Furthermore, the higher expression levels of some of the brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis and response genes are associated with the NIL- GW10 , which strongly suggests that the GW10 is a key node in the brassinosteroid-mediated regulation of rice grain shape and grain number.

scholarly journals SMALL GRAIN 11 Controls Grain Size, Grain Number and Grain Yield in Rice

Rice ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Fang ◽  
Ran Xu ◽  
Luojiang Huang ◽  
Baolan Zhang ◽  
Penggen Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Number

scholarly journals GNI-A1 mediates trade-off between grain number and grain weight in tetraploid wheat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Golan ◽  
Idan Ayalon ◽  
Aviad Perry ◽  
Gil Zimran ◽  
Toluwanimi Ade-Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Rare Allele ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wild Emmer ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
C Terminus

AbstractGrain yield is a highly polygenic trait determined by the number of grains per unit area, as well as by grain weight. In wheat, grain number and grain weight are usually negatively correlated. Yet, the genetic basis underlying trade-off between the two is mostly unknown. Here, we fine-mapped a grain weight QTL using wild emmer introgressions in a durum wheat background, and showed that grain weight is associated with the GNI-A1 gene, a regulator of floret fertility. In-depth characterization of grain number and grain weight indicated that suppression of distal florets by the wild emmer GNI-A1 allele increase weight of proximal grains in basal and central spikelets due to alteration in assimilate distribution. Re-sequencing of GNI-A1 in tetraploid wheat demonstrated the rich allelic repertoire of the wild emmer gene pool, including a rare allele which was present in two gene copies and contained a non-synonymous mutation in the C-terminus of the protein. Using an F2 population generated from a cross between wild emmer accessions Zavitan, which carries the rare allele, and TTD140, we demonstrated that this unique polymorphism is associated with grain weight, independent of grain number. Moreover, we showed, for the first time, that GNI-A1 proteins are transcriptional activators and that selection in domesticated wheat targeted compromised activity of the protein. Our finding expand the knowledge of the genetic basis underlying trade-off between key yield components and may contribute to breeding efforts for enhanced grain yield.

The effect of infestation by Lolium rigidum Gaud. (annual ryegrass) on the yield of wheat

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Smith ◽  
GRT Levick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield Analysis ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Analysis Equation

The effect of ryegrass infestation on the grain yield of wheat was examined and related to a yield analysis equation. Up to the two-leaf stage, apparently through competition for nitrogen, the presence of ryegrass at quite a low density (450 plants per m²) reduced the capacity of wheat plants to produce laterals. Neither the later removal of ryegrass nor the addition of nitrogen overcame this setback. In fact, the results suggest that nitrogen addition would result in a further loss in yield, and that this would increase with increasing density of ryegrass. However, the presence of ryegrass up to the two-leaf stage did not affect grain number per head or grain size: such effects were entirely dependent on the presence of ryegrass during the reproductive stage.

scholarly journals GRAIN SIZE AND NUMBER1 Negatively Regulates the OsMKKK10-OsMKK4-OsMPK6 Cascade to Coordinate the Trade-off between Grain Number per Panicle and Grain Size in Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Guo ◽  
Ke Chen ◽  
Nai-Qian Dong ◽  
Chuan-Lin Shi ◽  
Wang-Wei Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

scholarly journals Evaluation of salinity tolerance indices in North African barley accessions at reproductive stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorsaf Allel ◽  
Anis BenAmar ◽  
Mounawer Badri ◽  
Chedly Abdelly
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
North African ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Selection Indices

Soil salinity is one of the main factors limiting cereal productivity in worldwide agriculture. Exploitation of natural variation in local barley germplasm is an effective approach to overcome yield losses. Three gene pools of North African Hordeum vulgare L. grown in Tunisia, Algeria and Egypt were evaluated at the reproductive stage under control and saline conditions. Assessment of stress tolerance was monitored using morphological, yield-related traits and phenological parameters of reproductive organs showing significant genetic variation. High heritability and positive relationships were found suggesting that some traits associated with salt tolerance could be used as selection criteria. The phenotypic correlations revealed that vegetative traits including shoot biomass, tiller number and leaf number along with yield-related traits such as spike number, one spike dry weight, grain number/plant and grain number/spike were highly positively correlated with grain yield under saline conditions. Hence, these traits can be used as reliable selection criteria to improve barley grain yield. Keeping a higher shoot biomass and longer heading and maturity periods as well as privileged filling ability might contribute to higher grain production in barley and thus could be potential target traits in barley crop breeding toward improvement of salinity tolerance. Multiple selection indices revealed that salt tolerance trait index provided a better discrimination of barley landraces allowing selection of highly salt-tolerant and highly productive genotypes under severe salinity level. Effective evaluation of salt tolerance requires an integration of selection indices to successfully identify and characterize salt tolerant lines required for valuable exploitation in the management of salt-affected areas.  

scholarly journals Grain Size Selection Using Novel Functional Markers Targeting 14 Genes in Rice

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Bin Ma ◽  
Zhong Bian ◽  
Xiaoyuan Li ◽  
Changquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Width ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

Abstract Background Grain size is an extremely important aspect of rice breeding, affecting both grain yield and quality traits. It is controlled by multiple genes and tracking these genes in breeding schemes should expedite selection of lines with superior grain yield and quality, thus it is essential to develop robust, efficient markers. Result In this study, 14 genes related to grain size (GW2, GS2, qLGY3, GS3, GL3.1, TGW3, GS5, GW5, GS6, TGW6, GW6a, GLW7, GL7 and GW8) were selected for functional marker development. Twenty-one PCR-gel-based markers were developed to genotype the candidate functional nucleotide polymorphisms (FNPs) of these genes, and all markers can effectively recognize the corresponding allele types. To test the allele effects of different FNPs, a global collection of rice cultivars including 257 accessions from the Rice Diversity Panel 1 was used for allele mining, and four grain-size-related traits were investigated at two planting locations. Three FNPs for GW2, GS2 and GL3.1 were genotyped as rare alleles only found in cultivars with notably large grains, and the allele contributions of the remaining FNPs were clarified in both the indica and japonica subspecies. Significant trait contributions were found for most of the FNPs, especially GS3, GW5 and GL7. Of note, GW5 could function as a key regulator to coordinate the performance of other grain size genes. The allele effects of several FNPs were also tested by QTL analysis using an F2 population, and GW5 was further identified as the major locus with the largest contribution to grain width and length to width ratio. Conclusions The functional markers are robust for genotyping different cultivars and may facilitate the rational design of grain size to achieve a balance between grain yield and quality in future rice breeding efforts.

scholarly journals Evidence for improved pollen viability as the mechanism for film antitranspirant mitigation of drought damage to wheat yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minuka M. Weerasinghe ◽  
Peter S. Kettlewell ◽  
Ivan G. Grove ◽  
Martin C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drought Damage

Application of film antitranspirant to wheat during late stem extension reduces drought damage to yield, but the mechanism is unknown. Field experiments under rain shelters were conducted over 3 years to test the hypothesis that film antitranspirant applied before meiosis alleviates drought-induced losses of pollen viability, grain number and yield. The film antitranspirant di-1-p-menthene was applied at third-node stage, and meiosis occurred at the early boot stage, with a range of 11–16 days after spray application in different years. Irrigated, unsprayed plots were included under the rain-shelters, and pollen viability, measured in 2 years in these plots, averaged 95.3%. Drought reduced pollen viability to 80.1% in unirrigated, unsprayed plots, but only to 88.6% in unirrigated plots treated with film antitranspirant. Grain number and yield of irrigated plots, measured in all years, were 16 529 m–2 and 9.55 t ha–1, respectively, on average. These were reduced by drought to 11 410 m–2 and 6.31 t ha–1 in unirrigated, unsprayed plots, but only to 12 878 m–2 and 6.97 t ha–1 in unirrigated plots treated with film antitranspirant. Thus compared with unirrigated, unsprayed plots, antitranspirant gave a grain yield benefit of 0.66 t ha–1. Further work is needed to validate the pollen viability mechanism in different climatic zones and with a wide range of cultivars.

Post-anthesis sink size in a high-yielding dwarf wheat: yield response to grain number

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
I Aguilar ◽  
DR Laing
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
The One

Experiments to study the effect of grain number per sq metre on kernel weight and grain yield in a high-yielding dwarf spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Yecora 70) were conducted in three seasons (1971–1973) under high-fertility irrigated conditions in north-western Mexico. Crop thinning, shading and carbon dioxide fertilization (reported elsewhere), and crowding treatments, all carried out at or before anthesis, led to a wide range in grain numbers (4000 to 34,000/m2). Results indicated the response of grain yield to changing sink size (grains per sq metre), with the post-anthesis environment identical for all crops each year, and with all but the thinner crops intercepting most of the post-anthesis solar radiation. Kernel weight fell linearly with increase in grain number over the whole range of grain numbers studied, but the rate of fall varied with the season. Grain yield, however, increased, reaching a maximum at grain numbers well above those of crops grown with optimal agronomic management but without manipulation. It was concluded that the grain yield in normal crops was limited by both sink and post-anthesis source. There was some doubt, however, as to the interpretation of results from crowded crops, because of likely artificial increases in crop respiration on the one hand, and on the other, in labile carbohydrate reserves in the crops at anthesis. Also deterioration in grain plumpness (hectolitre weight) complicates the simple inference that further gains in yield can come from increased grain numbers alone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document