The impact of psychosocial characteristics in predicting smoking cessation in long-term cancer survivors: A time-to-event analysis

Cancer survivors are at increased risk, not only for progressive and recurrent disease, but also other cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and functional decline. Lifestyle interventions to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors, and smoking cessation, have the potential to improve the overall health and quality of life of this vulnerable population. Studies on overall health and physical function from 1966 and beyond regarding the impact of behavioral interventions that used randomized and controlled designs were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Published reports currently exist for 22 exercise interventions, 11 diet-related interventions (excluding those limited to dietary supplements or single nutrients), two diet and exercise interventions, and 10 behavioral-based smoking cessation interventions. Although many interventions have been successful in promoting behavioral change and have resulted in improvements in various health-related outcomes, more research is needed to determine the key components of interventions that are able to produce the greatest behavioral change and the most favorable health-related benefits. The oncology care provider can play a pivotal role in improving the long-term health of cancer survivors by (1) being aware of opportunities to encourage healthful behaviors (ie, smoking cessation, weight control, and increased physical activity); (2) vigilantly tracking long-term effects among cancer survivors and exploring whether they are amenable to intervention; (3) staying abreast of current health behavior guidelines for cancer survivors and existing resources for professional and patient education; and (4) supporting and contributing to efforts aimed at primary and tertiary prevention research.

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Long-Term Employment Outcomes among Female Cancer Survivors

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082751 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2751 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christine C. Ekenga ◽

Eunsun Kwon ◽

BoRin Kim ◽

Sojung Park

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Employment Status ◽

The United States ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Hours Worked ◽

Professional Workers ◽

Working Age ◽

The Impact ◽

Female Cancer Survivors

Advances in early detection and treatment have led to a growing population of female cancer survivors, many of whom are of working age. We examined the relationship between cancer and long-term (>5 years) employment outcomes in a nationally representative sample of working-age women in the United States. Data from nine waves of the Health and Retirement Study were used to examine employment status and weekly hours worked among cancer survivors (n = 483) and women without cancer (n = 6605). We used random slope regression models to estimate the impact of cancer and occupation type on employment outcomes. There was no difference in employment status between cancer survivors and women without cancer at baseline; however, during follow-up, cancer survivors were more likely to be employed than women without cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.58). Among 6–10-year survivors, professional workers were less likely (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.21–0.74) to be employed than manual workers. Among >10-year survivors, professional workers averaged fewer weekly hours worked (−2.4 h, 95% CI: −4.4–−0.47) than manual workers. The impact of cancer on long-term employment outcomes may differ by occupation type. Identifying the occupation-specific mechanisms associated with the return to work will be critical to developing targeted strategies to promote employment in the growing female cancer survivor population.

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A 7-month inhalation toxicology study in C57BL/6 mice demonstrates reduced pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes following smoking cessation or switching to e-vapor products

Toxicology Research and Application ◽

10.1177/2397847321995875 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 239784732199587

Author(s):

Ashutosh Kumar ◽

Ulrike Kogel ◽

Marja Talikka ◽

Celine Merg ◽

Emmanuel Guedj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Pulmonary Inflammation ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Inhalation Study ◽

Toxicology Study ◽

Nasal Tissue ◽

Product Switching ◽

The Impact

Cigarette smoking causes serious diseases, including lung cancer, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. While cessation remains the most effective approach to minimize smoking-related disease, alternative non-combustible tobacco-derived nicotine-containing products may reduce disease risks among those unable or unwilling to quit. E-vapor aerosols typically contain significantly lower levels of smoke-related harmful and potentially harmful constituents; however, health risks of long-term inhalation exposures are unknown. We designed a 7-month inhalation study in C57BL/6 mice to evaluate long-term respiratory toxicity of e-vapor aerosols compared to cigarette smoke and to assess the impact of smoking cessation (Cessation group) or switching to an e-vapor product (Switching group) after 3 months of exposure to 3R4F cigarette smoke (CS). There were no significant changes in in-life observations (body weights, clinical signs) in e-vapor groups compared to the Sham Control. The 3R4F CS group showed reduced respiratory function during exposure and had lower body weight and showed transient signs of distress post-exposure. Following 7 months of exposure, e-vapor aerosols resulted in no or minimal increase in pulmonary inflammation, while exposure to 3R4F CS led to impairment of lung function and caused marked lung inflammation and emphysematous changes. Biological changes observed in the Switching group were similar to the Cessation group. 3R4F CS exposure dysregulated the lung and nasal tissue transcriptome, while these molecular effects were substantially lower in the e-vapor group. Results from this study demonstrate that in comparison with 3R4F CS, e-vapor aerosols induce substantially lower biological responses including pulmonary inflammation and emphysematous changes, and that complete switching from CS to e-vapor products significantly reduces biological changes associated with CS in C57BL/6 mice.

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Time-to-event analysis of the impact of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair on chronic renal decline

Annals of Vascular Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.avsg.2021.02.031 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Masayuki Sugimoto ◽

Hiroshi Banno ◽

Tomohiro Sato ◽

Shuuta Ikeda ◽

Takuya Tsuruoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Aneurysm ◽

Event Analysis ◽

Time To Event ◽

Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair ◽

Aneurysm Repair ◽

The Impact ◽

Aortic Aneurysm Repair

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Lifestyle and Long-Term Smoking Cessation

Tobacco Use Insights ◽

10.1177/1179173x20963062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 1179173X2096306

Author(s):

Tove Sohlberg ◽

Karin Helmersson Bergmark

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Smoking Initiation ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Swedish Health Care ◽

The Impact ◽

Term Maintenance

Background: Since smoking is the leading cause of preventable death, discouraging smoking initiation, encouraging smoking cessation, and exploring factors that help individuals to stay smoke free are immensely important. One such relevant factor may be the impact of lifestyle for long-term smoking cessation. Method: A representative sample of successful quitters was recruited for a study about smoking cessation. These respondents are now part of a 7-year follow-up with the overall aim of revealing factors affecting long-term smoking cessation. Descriptive analyses were carried out at baseline and at follow-up, as well as a further two-step cluster analysis to explore profiles of long-term smoke-free individuals. Results: A majority did not make any particular lifestyle changes, but among those who did, most adopted a healthier lifestyle and/or increased their quota of physical training, where permanent changes in this direction seem to promote a more enduring smoke-free life. Conclusions: Individuals who want to quit smoking should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. Swedish health care institutions should be able to provide support for this both initially and over time to promote the long-term maintenance of a smoke-free lifestyle.

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Employment changes among Chinese family caregivers of long-term cancer survivors

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09922-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siqi Liu ◽

Mingzhu Su ◽

Nengliang Yao ◽

Nan Zhang ◽

Jialin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Labor Force ◽

Family Caregivers ◽

Treatment Phase ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Limited Ability ◽

Employment Patterns ◽

Employment Hours ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Family caregivers (FCGs) play a key role in the plan of care provision for long-term cancer survivors, yet few studies have been conducted on the impact of long-term caregiving on FCGs and their employment patterns. This study aims to further our understanding of the effect that caregiving role has on FCGs by identifying what cancer-related characteristics influence reduction of employment hours among FCGs in the post-treatment phase in China. Methods A total of 1155 cancer survivors participated in this study. Patients reported changes in the employment patterns of their FCGs. Descriptive analysis looked at demographic and cancer-related characteristics of cancer survivors and types of FCGs’ employment changes in both primary- and post-treatment phases. Chi-square test was used to statistically test the association between survivors’ characteristics and changes in FCGs’ hours of labor force work in post-treatment phase. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between cancer-related characteristics of participants and employment reduction patterns among FCGs in post-treatment phase while controlling for demographic factors. Results In the primary-treatment phase, 45.6% of all FCGs reduced their working hours and 17.4% stopped working altogether. In the post-treatment phase, 25.2% of FCGs worked fewer hours and 6.6% left the workforce completely. The results show that a higher probability of change in employment hours among FCGs is associated with the following patient characteristics: having comorbidities, receiving chemotherapy treatment, limited ability to perform physical tasks, limited ability to perform mental tasks, and diagnosis of stage II of cancer. Conclusions Care for cancer patients in both primary- and post- treatment phases may have substantial impacts on hours of formal employment of Chinese FCGs. Interventions helping FCGs balance caregiving duties with labor force work are warranted.

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The impact of tongue-deviating and tongue-depressing oral stents on long-term radiation-associated symptoms in oropharyngeal cancer survivors

Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ctro.2020.05.014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 71-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sonja Stieb ◽

Ismael Perez-Martinez ◽

Abdallah S.R. Mohamed ◽

Stockton Rock ◽

Nimit Bajaj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Oropharyngeal Cancer ◽

Associated Symptoms ◽

The Impact

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Riding the Crest of the Teachable Moment: Promoting Long-Term Health After the Diagnosis of Cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2005.01.230 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (24) ◽

pp. 5814-5830 ◽

Cited By ~ 720

Author(s):

Wendy Demark-Wahnefried ◽

Noreen M. Aziz ◽

Julia H. Rowland ◽

Bernardine M. Pinto

Keyword(s):

Cancer Survivors ◽

Behavioral Interventions ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Adult Survivors ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Prostate Cancer Survivors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

Purpose Cancer survivors are at increased risk for several comorbid conditions, and many seek lifestyle change to reduce dysfunction and improve long-term health. To better understand the impact of cancer on adult survivors' health and health behaviors, a review was conducted to determine (1) prevalent physical health conditions, (2) persistent lifestyle changes, and (3) outcomes of previous lifestyle interventions aimed at improving health within this population. Methods Relevant studies from 1966 and beyond were identified through MEDLINE and PubMed searches. Results Cancer survivors are at increased risk for progressive disease but also for second primaries, osteoporosis, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and functional decline. To improve overall health, survivors frequently initiate diet, exercise, and other lifestyle changes after diagnosis. However, those who are male, older, and less educated are less likely to adopt these changes. There also is selective uptake of messages, as evidenced by findings that only 25% to 42% of survivors consume adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables, and approximately 70% of breast and prostate cancer survivors are overweight or obese. Several behavioral interventions show promise for improving survivors' health-related outcomes. Oncologists can play a pivotal role in health promotion, yet only 20% provide such guidance. Conclusion With 64% of cancer patients surviving > 5 years beyond diagnosis, oncologists are challenged to expand their focus from acute care to managing the long-term health consequences of cancer. Although more research is needed, opportunities exist for oncologists to promote lifestyle changes that may improve the length and quality of life of their patients.

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