scholarly journals Frost-boil ecosystems: complex interactions between landforms, soils, vegetation and climate

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Walker ◽  
Howard E. Epstein ◽  
William A. Gould ◽  
Alexia M. Kelley ◽  
Anja N. Kade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
Frost Boil

Where’s the fat? Freeze-fracture analysis of ingredient interactions in food systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 48-49
Author(s):  
Jean Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Important Trend ◽  
Conventional Foods ◽  
Whipped Cream

An important trend in the food industry today is reduction in the amount of fat in manufactured foods. Often fat reduction is accomplished by replacing part of the natural fat with carbohydrates which serve to bind water and increase viscosity. It is in understanding the roles of these two major components of food, fats and carbohydrates, that freeze-fracture is so important. It is well known that conventional fixation procedures are inadequate for many food products, in particular, foods with carbohydrates as a predominant structural feature. For some food science applications the advantages of freeze-fracture preparation procedures include not only the avoidance of chemical fixatives, but also the opportunity to control the temperature of the sample just prior to rapid freezing.In conventional foods freeze-fracture has been used most successfully in analysis of milk and milk products. Milk gels depend on interactions between lipid droplets and proteins. Whipped emulsions, either whipped cream or ice cream, involve complex interactions between lipid, protein, air cell surfaces, and added emulsifiers.

Correlational Methods for Analysis of Dance Movements

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 283-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Brick ◽  
Steven M. Boker
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Mirror Symmetry ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Motion Capture Data ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Insight Into

Among the qualities that distinguish dance from other types of human behavior and interaction are the creation and breaking of synchrony and symmetry. The combination of symmetry and synchrony can provide complex interactions. For example, two dancers might make very different movements, slowing each time the other sped up: a mirror symmetry of velocity. Examining patterns of synchrony and symmetry can provide insight into both the artistic nature of the dance, and the nature of the perceptions and responses of the dancers. However, such complex symmetries are often difficult to quantify. This paper presents three methods – Generalized Local Linear Approximation, Time-lagged Autocorrelation, and Windowed Cross-correlation – for the exploration of symmetry and synchrony in motion-capture data as is it applied to dance and illustrate these with examples from a study of free-form dance. Combined, these techniques provide powerful tools for the examination of the structure of symmetry and synchrony in dance.

Lateral Adsorbate Interactions Inhibit HCOO- While Promoting CO Selectivity for CO2 Electrocatalysis on Ag

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Bohra ◽  
Isis Ledezma-Yanez ◽  
Guanna Li ◽  
Wiebren De Jong ◽  
Evgeny A. Pidko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Reduction ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Reaction Intermediates ◽  
Intermediate Species ◽  
Experimental Knowledge ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Ag Catalysts

<p>The analysis presented in this manuscript helps bridge an important fundamental discrepancy between the existing theoretical and experimental knowledge regarding the performance of Ag catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> electrochemical reduction (CO<sub>2</sub>ER). The results demonstrate how the intermediate species *OCHO is formed readily en-route the HCOO<sup>– </sup>pathway and plays a decisive role in determining selectivity of a predominantly CO producing catalyst such as Ag. Our theoretical and experimental approach develops a better understanding of the nature of competition as well as the complex interactions between the reaction intermediates leading to CO, HCOO<sup>–</sup> and H<sub>2</sub> during CO<sub>2</sub>ER.</p><p><br></p><p>Details of computational and experimental methods are present in the Supporting Information provided. </p><p><br></p><p><br></p>

Cardiovascular Changes in Menopause

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana R Nair ◽  
Aiswarya J Pillai ◽  
Nandini Nair
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Coronary Anatomy ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Fat Redistribution ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Cardiovascular Aging

: Menopause is associated with changes consistent with cardiovascular aging. The effects on cardiac disease is multifaceted affecting endothelial function, coronary artery physiology and metabolic dysfunction leading to structural changes in the coronary anatomy. A systematic review of literature from 1986 to 2019 was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was directed to retrieve papers that addressed the changes in cardiovascular physiology in menopause and the current therapies available to treat cardiovascular manifestations of menopause. The metabolic and clinical factors secondary to menopause such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, fat redistribution and systemic hypertension contribute to the accelerated risk for cardiovascular aging and disease. Atherosclerosis appears to be the end result of the interaction between cardiovascular risk factors and their accentuation during the perimenopausal period. Additionally, complex interactions between oxidative stress and levels of L-arginine and ADMA may also influence endothelial dysfunction in menopause. The increased cardiovascular risk in menopause stems from the exaggerated effects of changing physiology on the cardiovascular system affecting peripheral, cardiac and cerebrovascular beds. The differential effects of menopause on cardiovascular disease at the subclinical, biochemical and molecular levels form the highlights of this review.

Interactions between ecological and socio-economic drivers of Buruli ulcer burden in Sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities for an improved control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andes Garchitorena ◽  
Matthew H. Bonds ◽  
Jean-Francois Guégan ◽  
Benjamin Roche
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Sub Saharan

This chapter provides an overview of the complex interactions between ecological and socioeconomic factors for the development and control of Buruli ulcer in Sub-Saharan Africa. We review key ecological and evolutionary processes driving the environmental persistence and proliferation of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent, within aquatic environments, as well as transmission processes from these aquatic environments to human populations. We also outline key socioeconomic factors driving the economic and health burden of Buruli ulcer in endemic regions, revealed by reciprocal feedbacks between poverty, disease transmission from exposure aquatic environments and disease progression to severe stages owing to low access to health care. The implications of such insights for disease control, both in terms of limitations of current strategies and directions for the future, are discussed.

Formal and Informal Structure of Organization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanish Puranam
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Informal Organization ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Multiplex Network ◽  
Informal Structure ◽  
Formal Design

In this chapter, my aim is describe the links between the formal and informal structure of organizations, and propose a systematic approach to analyzing these links. I first discuss how the two are related and influence each other. Next, revisiting the theme of organizations as “marvels but not miracles” I argue that formal design can be useful even when it not predicated on high levels of comprehension or intelligence. This is because it can compensate for aspects of the informal organization, as well as shape the emergence of the informal organization. I discuss an instance of a micro-structural approach to such issues in some detail, and conclude by offering a multiplex network formulation that can help us make progress in studying the complex interactions between formal and informal organizational structures.

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