Low-cost growth of AlN using vectored-flow epitaxy for the purpose of water sterilisation in a rural environment

Sterile pupae of Queensland fruit fly (Qfly) Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) were released to suppress wild Qfly populations at 3 sites in New South Wales and to assess a pupal release strategy using the bed technique. Sterile pupae were released from September 1997 to June 1998 from sand and vermiculite beds. A total of 24.6 million pupae were released with a male recapture rate of 0.101% (not corrected for adult emergence rate). Adult emergence rates were 25% at Tullibigeal; 39% at Ungarie and 46, 41, 71 and 54% respectively at 4 locations at Lake Cargelligo (mean 46%). Corrected recapture rates using cue-lure traps were 0.88% at Tullibigeal, 0.08% at Ungarie and 0.15% at Lake Cargelligo (mean 0.21%). When wild fly populations increased at Lake Cargelligo, a bait spraying program was used which substaintially reduced the catches of both sterile and wild flies in traps. Analyses using the CLIMEX model showed that the climate at Lake Cargelligo town (with irrigation) was suitable for fruit flies. CLIMEX indicated that the unmodified rural environment was unsuitable for fruit fly survival due to a summer moisture deficit. The Meats daily survival rate decrement of 58–72% was similar to that found for some similar studies in Australia but lower than for certain other release programs. No significant bird or ant predation was observed.

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Topical Review: Pathways toward cost-effective single-junction III-V solar cells

Journal of Physics D Applied Physics ◽

10.1088/1361-6463/ac3aa9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vidur Raj ◽

Tuomas Haggren ◽

Wei Wen Wong ◽

Hark Hoe Tan ◽

Chennupati Jagadish

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Device Fabrication ◽

Topical Review ◽

Current State ◽

Cost Growth ◽

Subsequent Discussion ◽

Bandgap Semiconductors ◽

The Cost

Abstract III-V semiconductors such as InP and GaAs are direct bandgap semiconductors with significantly higher absorption compared to silicon. The high absorption allows for the fabrication of thin/ultra-thin solar cells, which in turn permits for the realization of lightweight, flexible, and highly efficient solar cells that can be used in many applications where rigidity and weight are an issue, such as electric vehicles, the internet of things, space technologies, remote lighting, portable electronics, etc. However, their cost is significantly higher than silicon solar cells, making them restrictive for widespread applications. Nonetheless, they remain pivotal for the continuous development of photovoltaics. Therefore, there has been a continuous worldwide effort to reduce the cost of III-V solar cells substantially. This topical review summarises current research efforts in III-V growth and device fabrication to overcome the cost barriers of III-V solar cells. We start the review with a cost analysis of the current state-of-art III-V solar cells followed by a subsequent discussion on low-cost growth techniques, substrate reuse, and emerging device technologies. We conclude the review emphasizing that to substantially reduce the cost-related challenges of III-V photovoltaics, low-cost growth technologies need to be combined synergistically with new substrate reuse techniques and innovative device designs.

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Versatile Metal Oxide Nanowire Devices Achieved via Controlled Doping

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1018-ee11-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eric Dattoli ◽

Qing Wan ◽

Wei Lu

Keyword(s):

Field Effect ◽

Large Scale ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Low Cost ◽

Thin Film Transistor ◽

High Electron ◽

Glass Substrates ◽

Sno2 Nanowires ◽

Cost Growth

AbstractWe report on studies of field-effect transistor (FET) and transparent thin-film transistor (TFT) devices based on lightly Ta-doped SnO2 nanowires. Uniform device performance was obtained using an in situ doping method, with average field-effect mobilities exceeding 100 cm2/(V•s). Prototype fully-transparent TFT devices on glass substrates showed excellent performance metrics in terms of transconductance and on/off ratio. The combined advantages of SnO2 nanowires: namely a low cost growth process, high electron mobility, and optical transparency; make the system well suited for large-scale transparent electronics on low-temperature substrates.

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Distribution, composition and functions of gelatinous tissues in deep-sea fishes

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.171063 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 171063 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mackenzie E. Gerringer ◽

Jeffrey C. Drazen ◽

Thomas D. Linley ◽

Adam P. Summers ◽

Alan J. Jamieson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ionic Composition ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Fish Locomotion ◽

Cost Growth ◽

Locomotory Performance ◽

Distribution Composition ◽

Almost All ◽

And Function

Many deep-sea fishes have a gelatinous layer, or subdermal extracellular matrix, below the skin or around the spine. We document the distribution of gelatinous tissues across fish families (approx. 200 species in ten orders), then review and investigate their composition and function. Gelatinous tissues from nine species were analysed for water content (96.53 ± 1.78% s.d.), ionic composition, osmolality, protein (0.39 ± 0.23%), lipid (0.69 ± 0.56%) and carbohydrate (0.61 ± 0.28%). Results suggest that gelatinous tissues are mostly extracellular fluid, which may allow animals to grow inexpensively. Further, almost all gelatinous tissues floated in cold seawater, thus their lower density than seawater may contribute to buoyancy in some species. We also propose a new hypothesis: gelatinous tissues, which are inexpensive to grow, may sometimes be a method to increase swimming efficiency by fairing the transition from trunk to tail. Such a layer is particularly prominent in hadal snailfishes (Liparidae); therefore, a robotic snailfish model was designed and constructed to analyse the influence of gelatinous tissues on locomotory performance. The model swam faster with a watery layer, representing gelatinous tissue, around the tail than without. Results suggest that the tissues may, in addition to providing buoyancy and low-cost growth, aid deep-sea fish locomotion.

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Influence on antenna design on range of LoraWAN devices – a practical test

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4583 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harald Roclawski ◽

Thomas Krätzig ◽

Laura Sterle

Keyword(s):

Open Source Software ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Low Cost ◽

Antenna Design ◽

Rural Environment ◽

The Internet ◽

Iot Devices ◽

The Internet Of Things ◽

Range Test

In the research project Iot.H2O, which is funded under the Water JPI Joint Call 2017 IC4WATER, the potential of the Internet of Things concept is investigated for monitoring and controlling water distribution systems. Smart sensors are used which send data among others via LoraWAN to gateways which are connected to the Internet. The aim of the project is to use low-cost sensors and open-source software.In the presentation, results of a range test with the developed LoraWAN devices are reported. One important factor is the antenna design. Results of tests with 6 different antennas will be presented among them are two antennas which are printed on a PCB and 4 commercially available antennas.The TTN mapper App is used for recording the signals of the IoT devices in an urban and an rural environment.

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