23‐2: A Study on Crucible Inner Pressure Change During Degradation of Liq in AMOLED Mass Production

The receiving of plain problem by analytical appearance with horizontal edges on the endless layer of propagation of the vertical crack and the dependence of the inner pressure of crack is observed. It supposed that the bottom edge of the layer is fixed to absolutely hard semi-flatness, but the upper edge is free. In this respect, we have tried to get the propagation measure of the opening and the analytical aspect of pressure change dependence acting inside it, by method of local modifications using the received solutions. The corresponding methods of approximate illustration of functional dependence are used. In the environment of the opening and the received measure of crack propagation the analytical expressions of distribution of stresses give the full image of peculiarities of those dependences for that immeasurable domain and correspond to the received results by method of modifications. The received formulas may be applied by solving concrete applicable problems and in studies of opportunities of cracks’ propagation for environment of fragile material. Those opportunities are increasing moreover if we take into account that the solutions are received for immeasurable environment.

Research on the mechanical behavior of the biomass densification process based on a thick-walled cylinder

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.3.4932-4946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 4932-4946

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Yu Sun ◽

Kai Wu

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

Pressure Ratio ◽

Specific Energy Consumption ◽

Pressure Change ◽

Densification Process ◽

Relaxation Period ◽

Inner Pressure ◽

Biomass Densification ◽

Single Pellet

The mechanical behavior of the biomass densification process has noticeable influences on energy consumption and pellet quality. In the authors’ previous work, a method was proposed to determine the inner pressure by testing the circumferential strain of the outer die wall. Based on this method, a device was developed with strain gauges in the form of a single pellet unit. With this device, experiments were conducted with wood shavings, rice straw, and wheat straw under different levels of particle size, compression rate, and moisture content. The effects of these factors on the inner pressure were analyzed. The relationships among the inner pressure, pellet density, and specific energy consumption were obtained. Results showed that the pressure ratio increased linearly and then decreased and became constant during the relaxation period. The pressure change during the relaxation period was isotropic. The results could provide mechanical explanations for the phenomena in biomass densification processes.

Force Membranate Elements: Historical Information, Geometrical Mathematical Models, Practical Use (Review)

Mekhatronika Avtomatizatsiya Upravlenie ◽

10.17587/mau.19.642-657 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 642-657

Author(s):

P. P. Chernus ◽

V. T. Sharovatov ◽

P. P. Chernus

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Models ◽

High Strength ◽

Pressure Change ◽

Length Change ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Artificial Muscles ◽

Flexible Membrane ◽

Pneumatic Actuators ◽

Inner Pressure ◽

Force Element

In this paper is given an over view of histor y of creation and development of geometrical mathematical models and use of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAM) and bellows. PAMs and bellows as pneumatic actuators are made of flexible membrane which can inflate. Displacement of these membranate elements depends on inner pressure. Direction of the displacement coincide with elements symmetry axis. Process of displacement involve shell form change. Reviewing actuators can be divided into two types: push-type and pull-type. The direction of displacement depends on length and diameter ration of element. PAMs are related to the pull-type actuators, bellows are related to the push-type. Distinguished tendencies and perspectives of developing pneumatic actuators are based on force membranate elements because of their advantages such as small weight, smoothness on low velocities and high strength. True to date exist big amount of different constructive designs of PAMs and bellows. Review contains such designs as braided, pleated and other designs of PAMs. In this paper are given main and often used approaches of creation static geometrical mathematical models of PAMs and bellows. Suggested mathematical models connect such parameters of PAMs and bellows as developed force, element axial length change, inner pressure change, diameter and material characteristics. For PAMs and bellows control is required to control its length or developed force. There are shown some applications of force membranate elements in different fields, such as biorobotics, medical and industrial applications. In conclusion are given possible approaches to improve discussed geometrical mathematical models of PAMs and bellows.

Energy, transport, and consumption in the Industrial Revolution

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph A. Tainter ◽

Temis G. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Energy Transport ◽

Underlying Assumption

Abstract We question Baumard's underlying assumption that humans have a propensity to innovate. Affordable transportation and energy underpinned the Industrial Revolution, making mass production/consumption possible. Although we cannot accept Baumard's thesis on the Industrial Revolution, it may help explain why complexity and innovation increase rapidly in the context of abundant energy.

Recent Radiative and Collisional Atomic Data of Astrophysical Interest

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107596 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 129-132

Author(s):

K.L. Baluja ◽

K. Butler ◽

J. Le Bourlot ◽

C.J. Zeippen

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Bound States ◽

Physical Models ◽

Impact Excitation ◽

Electron Impact Excitation ◽

Atomic Data ◽

Isoelectronic Sequence ◽

Astrophysical Interest ◽

Radiative Transitions ◽

Forbidden Transitions

SummaryUsing sophisticated computer programs and elaborate physical models, accurate radiative and collisional atomic data of astrophysical interest have been or are being calculated. The cases treated include radiative transitions between bound states in the 2p4and 2s2p5configurations of many ions in the oxygen isoelectronic sequence, the photoionisation of the ground state of neutral iron, the electron impact excitation of the fine-structure forbidden transitions within the 3p3ground configuration of CℓIII, Ar IV and K V, and the mass-production of radiative data for ions in the oxygen and fluorine isoelectronic sequences, as part of the international Opacity Project.

A simplified method of emulsion coating and development for quantitative electron microscopic radioautography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081188 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 64-65

Author(s):

K. Yoshida ◽

F. Murata ◽

S. Ohno ◽

T. Nagata

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Identical Condition ◽

Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Simplified Method ◽

Complicated Process ◽

Critical Problems ◽

Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽

Quantitative Radioautography

IntroductionSeveral methods of mounting emulsion for radioautography at the electron microscopic level have been reported. From the viewpoint of quantitative radioautography, however, there are many critical problems in the procedure to produce radioautographs. For example, it is necessary to apply and develop emulsions in several experimental groups under an identical condition. Moreover, it is necessary to treat a lot of grids at the same time in the dark room for statistical analysis. Since the complicated process and technical difficulties in these procedures are inadequate to conduct a quantitative analysis of many radioautographs at once, many factors may bring about unexpected results. In order to improve these complicated procedures, a simplified dropping method for mass production of radioautographs under an identical condition was previously reported. However, this procedure was not completely satisfactory from the viewpoint of emulsion homogeneity. This paper reports another improved procedure employing wire loops.

Techniques for preparing the Lolium perenne coleorhiza for scanning electron microscope evaluation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124239 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 766-767

Author(s):

Susan B.G. Debaene ◽

John S. Gardner ◽

Phil S. Allen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Inner Pressure ◽

Water Potentials ◽

Radicle Emergence ◽

Standard Fixation ◽

Scanning Electron

The coleorhiza is a nonvascular sheath that encloses the embryonic radicle in Poaceae, and is generally the first tissue to emerge during germination. Delicate hairlike extensions develop from some coleorhiza cells prior to radicle emergence. Similar to root hairs, coleorhiza hairs are extremely sensitive to desiccation and are damaged by exposure to negative water potentials. The coleorhiza of Lolium perenne is somewhat spherical when first visible, after which a knob forms at a right angle to the caryopsis due to inner pressure from the elongating radicle. This knob increases in length until the radicle finally punctures the coleorhiza. Standard fixation procedures cause severe desiccation of coleorhiza cells and hairs, making morphological study of the coleorhiza difficult. This study was conducted to determine a more successful process for coleorhiza preservation.

Melting memory chips in mass production

Nature ◽

10.1038/news.2009.951 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Geoff Brumfiel

Keyword(s):

Mass Production

Discussion on “The influence of mass production on design” at the Manchester Section of the Institution

Journal of the Institution of Production Engineers ◽

10.1049/jipe.1935.0043 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 434

Author(s):

Bailey ◽

P.E. Biggar ◽

Hood ◽

Herbert Austin ◽

T. Fraser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Production

Group working in mass production. Part I: Flow line work

Production Engineer ◽

10.1049/tpe.1973.0092 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (12) ◽

pp. 457 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ray Wild

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Flow Line ◽

Line Work ◽

Production Part