Analysis of longitudinal studies with death and drop-out: a case study

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 2215-2226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Dufouil ◽  
Carol Brayne ◽  
David Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Drop Out

scholarly journals HOW MUCH ‘DISTANCE’ DOES LANGUAGE CREATE IN ODL MATERIALS? A BOTSWANA CASE STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Mmabaledi Kefilwe Seeletso ◽  
Rinelle Evans
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Limited English Proficiency ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Mixed Methods Case Study ◽  
Open And Distance Learning ◽  
Instructional Dialogue ◽  
Group Interviews

It is assumed that open and distance learning institutions develop study materials that adequately engage learners with quality content to assist their content mastery. However, distance learners continue to underperform, which raises the concern that high drop-out and failure rates may be ascribed to the study materials. This mixed-methods case study examined instructional material developed for secondary school learners studying via the open and distance learning mode. The study was informed by Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory to evaluate the process of designing and developing instructional materials while Gorsky, Caspi and Trumper’s Theory of Instructional Dialogue was used to map interaction with and within the selected study materials. A self-designed evaluation rubric included language related criteria to gauge the accessibility of content. A questionnaire survey was undertaken with purposively identified participants: five material developers, 176 learners, and six tutors. Six semi-structured group interviews and twenty individual face-to-face interviews were conducted. Open coding and SPSS reports were used for qualitative and quantitative data analysis, respectively. Findings related to non-alignment of materials with learner profile, and the national syllabus, while inadequate proficiency in the language of instruction remained problematic. The outcomes of this study highlight the importance of well-trained material developers and focused ODL policies for quality assuring effective content design and development to accommodate diverse learners with limited English proficiency.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) case study examining whether results in a randomized control arm are replicated by a synthetic control arm (SCA).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9108-9108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruthie Davi ◽  
Mark Chandler ◽  
Barbara Elashoff ◽  
Andrea Stern Ferris ◽  
Andrew Howland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Surrogate Endpoint ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Positive Effect

9108 Background: The FDA’s accelerated approval (AA) pathway provides conditional approval for an investigational product (IP) after positive effect on a surrogate endpoint has been provided, allowing patients earlier access to the therapy. Confirmation of a positive effect on the clinical endpoint after conditional approval is required and usually includes a randomized trial. However, such a trial is challenged by availability of the IP outside the trial. Recruitment becomes more difficult, and patients assigned to control are more likely to drop-out and use the non-assigned IP, which may bias the observed treatment effect. In AA settings we propose a SCA composed of patient level data from previous clinical trials to augment or replace the randomized control. Validity of this approach in one case study is assessed by examining if a SCA can replicate the outcomes of a target randomized control (TRC) from a recent NSCLC trial. Methods: The patients for the NSCLC SCA were required to have satisfied the key eligibility criteria of the target trial and were further selected using a propensity score-based approach to balance the baseline characteristics in the SCA and TRC. All patient selections were made without knowledge of patient outcomes. Results: The results show comparable balance in observed baseline characteristics of the SCA and TRC was achieved. Overall survival (OS) in TRC was replicated by SCA. The Kaplan Meier curves for OS in the SCA and TRC visually overlap. In addition, the log rank test (p = 0.65) and hazard ratio of 1.04 (95% CI: (0.88, 1.23)) were not statistically significant. Conclusions: If the SCA had been in place of the randomized control in this study, conclusions about the treatment effect would have been the same. While this may not hold when it is not possible to balance the groups on all confounders, this suggests that in some settings, SCA could augment or replace the randomized control in future trials easing recruitment, retention, and crossover challenges without compromising the understanding of the treatment effect. Future work should examine in what settings SCA is appropriate and consider the implications of potential unobserved confounders.

scholarly journals Análisis del abandono estudiantil en universidades ecuatorianas: estudio de caso, Universidad Técnica de Manabí

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Tarazona Meza ◽  
Yamila Roque Doval ◽  
Antonio Vázquez Pérez ◽  
José Gabriel Espinosa Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
The State ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
College Career ◽  
The Social ◽  
El Alto ◽  
The University ◽  
Impacto Económico

Entre los avances espectaculares que a nivel social y económico se reportan en los últimos años con la apertura de la Revolución Ciudadana en el Ecuador, cabe destacar el incremento de las posibilidades de acceso a las universidades de las clases menos favorecidas; pero paradójicamente ha surgido de manera asociada otro de los grandes males que afecta a la institución  universitaria,  que resulta el  alto  porcentaje de estudiantes  que abandonan  los estudios antes de finalizarlos, con un impacto económico negativo para los esfuerzos que realiza el estado en este sentido. En el trabajo se presenta un análisis teórico vinculado con los problemas del abandono de los estudios universitarios en el mundo, en  Latinoamérica  y especialmente en la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, donde se propone un caso de estudio con el objetivo de profundizar en la problemática, develar sus causas y proponer un conjunto de medidas encaminadas a reducir las consecuencias de esa problemática social.  Palabras   claves:   Abandono   de   estudios   universitarios,   inclusión   social,   resiliencia universitaria  Abandono estudiantil en universidades ecuatorianas www.itsup.edu.ec/myjournal     Analysis of student dropout in Ecuadorian Universities: Case Study, Technical University of Manabí  Abstract  There have been remarkable improvements in the social and economic levels of the state in recent years with the opening of the Citizens' Revolution in Ecuador. Among them, it is taken into account the possibilities of increasing the access of the lower classes to the universities. Absurdly there has appeared some troubles       affecting the university. These difficulties consists of  the highest percentage of students who drop out the studies  before  ending  each college career, and  resulting in  a negative economic impact on the efforts of the state in this regard. The work illustrates a theoretical analysis of the problems linked to the learners’ desertion of university studies in the world, especially in Latin America and particularly in the Technical University of Manabi in Ecuador, where a case study is proposed with the aim of deepening the problem presented, with the main goal of revealing its causes and to propose a set of measures to reduce the consequences of this social problem as well   Keywords: Retention, social inclusion, university resilience  

scholarly journals Methods to the Principle of Austerity in European Linguistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 176-178
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject

The subject of austerity is deeply studied in European linguistics. A great deal of research has been done on the subject, especially in French, Spanish, Russian and English. We examined the extent of the drop-out event in European languages, mainly in French, Russian, and English. This topic is very elaborate in English. An analysis of a case study of the principle of austerity shows that linguists often overlook the easy recovery of sentence fragments in the analysis of different types of sentences. Therefore, their analysis shows the confusion of words and incomplete sentences. The main theme of the article is to analyze the principle of austerity in European languages with the comparison of Uzbek language.

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