Role of Surface RGD Patterns on Protein Nanocages in Tumor Targeting Revealed Using Precise Discrete Models

Small ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (51) ◽  
pp. 1904838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ti Fang ◽  
Weiwei Zhu ◽  
Chaoqun Li ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Ding Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Discrete Models

scholarly journals The role of stem cells in tumor targeting and growth suppression of gliomas

2011 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Eskandary ◽  
Basiri M ◽  
SN Nematollahi Mahani ◽  
Mehravaran
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Growth Suppression

Mechanics and Finite Elements of Shells

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Wempner
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Elements ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Transverse Shear ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Thick Shell ◽  
Dimensional Approximation ◽  
Transverse Strains

This article begins with a brief review of the foundations: The classical theory of Love is described with attention to the underlying hypothesis and consequent limitations. A more general theory is described which removes the constraints of Love; the inclusion of transverse strains admits simpler finite elements, accommodates the thick shell via layers and even a transition to the three-dimensional approximation. The concept of the finite element is reviewed in the context of the discrete approximation of shells. Specific attention is given to those problems which are peculiar to shells: The predominant roles of flexural and extensional deformations, the lesser role of transverse shear, can lead to excessive stiffness (“locking”). Origins and procedures are described to circumvent these problems. The review is intended to bridge some chasms between the mechanics of the continua and the discrete models of finite elements. As such, the emphasis is upon those mechanical attributes of shells and elements which play key roles in forming practical models. Since the limitations of space, time and the author’s knowledge, preclude a full expose, the review includes only commentaries on some topics, such as inelasticity, nonlinearity and instability. Citations include original sources and some recent works which provide entree to contemporary developments.

scholarly journals Chloroquine enhanced the anticancer capacity of VNP20009 by inhibiting autophagy

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Zhang ◽  
Qiaoqiao Xu ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Zhang ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Wenmin Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
B16f10 Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Targeting Ability ◽  
Novel Strategy

Abstract Bacteria-based living anticancer agents have emerged as promising therapeutics. However, the functional role of autophagy in bacterial cancer therapy has been little investigated. In this study, Salmonella VNP20009 induced autophagy in B16F10 cells, which is an unfavorable factor in bacterial cancer therapy. Inhibiting the induction of autophagy by chloroquine or siRNA in bacterial cancer therapy dose- and time-dependently promoted cell death. The combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine not only enhanced the bacterial tumor targeting ability but also facilitated the infiltration of immune cells into the tumor. Our results showed that the combined therapy of VNP20009 and chloroquine could significantly inhibit tumor growth and prolong mouse survival time. This study provides a novel strategy for improving the anti-cancer efficacy of bacterial cancer therapy.

An unusual role of folate in the self-assembly of heparin–folate conjugates into nanoparticles

Nanoscale ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (37) ◽  
pp. 15185-15190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianquan Wang ◽  
Daoshuang Ma ◽  
Qian Lu ◽  
Shaoxiong Wu ◽  
Gee Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
The Self ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Tumor targeting agents including antibodies, peptides, and small molecules are often used to improve the delivery efficiency of nanoparticles.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model of the Effect of Natural Selection on Adaptation Forms that Implemented by disruptive coloration of Taurotragus oryx

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Bespalov ◽  
K. V. Nosov ◽  
P. S. Kabalyants
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
New Class ◽  
Protective Coloration ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Adaptive Role

In the study, results of mathematical modelling of the influence of natural selection on performance of various forms of animal adaptation to habitat conditions are presented. For a formalized description of the subject of study, we used a new class of mathematical models— discrete models of dynamical systems. Sets of strategies of protective coloration of antelopes Taurotragus oryx are the subject of a formalized description. Various combinations of brightness of green and red components of gray-brown non-uniform protective coloration of different parts of the silhouette of these animals were considered as such strategies. The sets based on the material of digital pictures of the two groups of Taurotragus oryx were compared. The first group includes antelopes Taurotragus oryx from Serengeti National Park (Tanzania) exposed to natural selection. The second group includes Taurotragus oryx, actually domesticated in Askania-Nova reserve (Ukraine), for which natural selection is not active. The sets of above mention strategies-combinations, modelled for the two groups, were compared by the numbers of unique combinations of values of brightness of red and green colours, as well as combinations with closest values of these brightness. The adaptive role of combinations with different values of red and green colours was identified with the role of idioadaptations. The adaptive role of combinations with equal values of red and green colours was identified with a more wide performance of aromorphoses. In this connection, the notions “quasi-idioadaptation” and “quasi-aromorphosis” were introduced in the paper.It is assumed that both quasi-aromorphoses and quasi-idiadaptations, in certain conditions, contribute to the destruction of an integral visual perception of the silhouette of an animal against a many-coloured background of vegetation. At that, assumed that an adaptation function of a quasi-aromorphosis can be implemented in a wider range of colorimetric parameters of a plant background. The results of modelling indicate that the coloration of Taurotragus oryx from Serengeti is characterized by a larger set of quasi-adaptations than coloration of Taurotragus oryx from Askania-Nova. In the coloration of the latter, there is no quasi-aromorphosis with maximum values of brightness of both red and green components. But there exists a quasi-aromorphosis in the coloration of Taurotragus oryx from Serengeti. Such results of mathematical modelling correspond to prevailing ideas about the influence of natural selection on the character of adaptive reactions of living beings.

Radionuclide Therapy of Tumors: General Aspects and Considerations

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hoefnagel
Keyword(s):  
Radionuclide Therapy ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Selective Delivery ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Late Side ◽  
Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

Therapeutic nuclear medicine is rapidly developing as an additional treatment modality in oncology. Its unique characteristics are the systemic, yet selective delivery of radiation doses in target tissues, its non-invasiveness, the relative lack of immediate and late side effects, and the advantage that uptake and retention in the tumor can be pre-assessed by tracer studies. Many different tumor seeking radiopharmaceuticals are being used for therapy by different routes and a variety of targeting mechanisms. The current clinical role of radionuclide therapy is briefly reviewed, as well as more general aspects and considerations, such as mechanisms for tumor targeting, the choice of radionuclide labels, radiopharmacy, drug delivery, radiation protection, dosimetry and toxicity.

Role of Antibody-Mediated Tumor Targeting and Route of Administration in Nanoparticle Tumor Accumulation in Vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2168-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niladri Chattopadhyay ◽  
Humphrey Fonge ◽  
Zhongli Cai ◽  
Deborah Scollard ◽  
Eli Lechtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Tumor Accumulation

scholarly journals Nanocarriers for Diagnosis and Targeting of Breast Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Sharma ◽  
Nitin Jain ◽  
Rashmi Sareen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Imaging Diagnosis ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Specific Tumor ◽  
Polymeric Drug ◽  
Cancer Cell Targeting

Breast cancer nanotherapeutics is consistently progressing and being used to remove the various limitations of conventional method available for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Nanoparticles provide an interdisciplinary area for research in imaging, diagnosis, and targeting of breast cancer. With advanced physicochemical properties and better bioavailability, they show prolonged blood circulation with efficient tumor targeting. Passive targeting mechanisms by using leaky vasculature, tumor microenvironment, or direct local application and active targeting approaches using receptor antibody, amplification in the ability of nanoparticles to target specific tumor can be achieved. Nanoparticles are able to reduce cytotoxic effect of the active anticancer drugs by increasing cancer cell targeting in comparison to conventional formulations. Various nanoparticles-based formulations are in the preclinical and clinical stages of development; among them, polymeric drug micelles, liposomes, dendrimer, carbon nanotubes, and nanorods are the most common. In this review, we have discussed the role of nanoparticles with respect to oncology, by particularly focusing on the breast cancer and various nanodelivery systems used for targeting action.

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