Safety of Multiple Vaccinations and Durability of Vaccine-Induced Antibodies in an Italian Military Cohort 5 Years after Immunization

We previously examined the safety and immunogenicity of multiple vaccines administered to a military cohort, divided into two groups, the first composed of students at military schools, thus operating inside the national borders for at least 3 years, and the other formed of soldiers periodically engaged in a 9-month-long mission abroad (Lebanon). In the current study, we analyzed 112 individuals of this cohort, 50 pertaining to the first group and 62 to the second group, in order to examine the possible late appearance of side effects and to calculate the half-life of the induced antibodies. Moreover, the possible involvement of B-cell polyclonal activation as a pathogenetic mechanism for long term antibody persistence has even been explored. No late side effects, as far as autoimmunity and/or lymphoproliferation appearance, have been noticed. The long duration of the vaccine induced anti-HAV antibodies has been confirmed, whereas the antibodies induced by tetravalent meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine have been found to persist above the threshold for putative protection for a longer time, and anti-tetanus, diphtheria, and polio 1 and 3 for a shorter time than previously estimated. No signs of polyclonal B-cell activation have been found, as a possible mechanism to understand the long antibody persistence.

COMPLICAÇÕES ASSOCIADAS AO PREENCHIMENTO FACIAL COM ÁCIDO HIALURÔNICO: uma revisão da literatura

Objective: To review the literature on complications associated with facial filling with hyaluronic acid. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of a literature review based on national and international databases such as: PubMed and SciELO. Results and Discussion: 14 studies were selected, where the existence of several complications related to the use of hyaluronic acid can be observed, early side effects can occur, which are those that appear soon after application and persist for around 15 days and can also late side effects occur. Conclusions: Despite all the safety of the filling technique with hyaluronic acid, complications can occur, requiring the professional to be able to intervene in these situations.

Fenretinide Acts as Potent Radiosensitizer for Treatment of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells

Fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS) is a highly aggressive childhood malignancy which is mainly treated by conventional chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy. Since radiotherapy is associated with a high burden of late side effects in pediatric patients, addition of radiosensitizers would be beneficial. Here, we thought to assess the role of fenretinide, a potential agent for FP-RMS treatment, as radiosensitizer. Survival of human FP-RMS cells was assessed after combination therapy with fenretinide and ionizing radiation (IR) by cell viability and clonogenicity assays. Indeed, this was found to significantly reduce cell viability compared to single treatments. Mechanistically, this was accompanied by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, initiation of cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, the combination treatment also triggered a new form of dynamin-dependent macropinocytosis, which was previously described in fenretinide-only treated cells. Our data suggest that fenretinide acts in combination with IR to induce cell death in FP-RMS cells and therefore might represent a novel radiosensitizer for the treatment of this disease.

Bone infarct (osteonecrosis) as late side effect of steroid in acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivor

Survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), though cured of their primary disease may suffer from long-term complications such as bone infarction contributing to a major morbidity. Here, we report a very rare case of bone infarct in bilateral tibia and femur of a patient of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, post completion of maintenance chemotherapy. With this case report, we suggest that appropriate preventive measures are necessary to decrease the risk of this very rare morbidity.

Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients

Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.

CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BASED INTRACAVITARY BRACHYTHERAPY TREATMENT IN CERVICAL CANCER PATIENTS ATTENDING TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL .

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women . The aim of our study is to evaluate toxicity, compliance, and response by Computed Tomography based Intracavitary Brachytherapy treatment in patients of cervical carcinoma . This study was conducted in the Department of Radiotherapy, Government Medical College from December 2018 to May 2020, meeting specied Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria. The prognostic outcome of each patient were assessed on the following-parameters: Acute and late Side effects, Loco-regional control for complete or partial response and recurrence. On analysing the pattern of response assessment all patients have complete response(100%) after CT based Brachytherapy. ICRT signicantly improve loco regional response but increases incidence of haematological and mucosal toxicity, which being manageable.