Synthesis of CuInS2/ZnS Nanocrystals with Thick Shell: The Effect of Temperature and Sulfur Precursor

As heavy-metal-free alternatives to Cd- and Pb-containing semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), ternary I–III–VI2 compounds NCs have been actively studied, especially the CuInS2 NCs. Recently, it has been found that thick ZnS shelling can greatly improve the photochemical stability of such NCs, which undoubtedly enhances their application potential although it is still limited by the development of synthetic methods. This paper provides a facile method for preparation of thick-shell CuInS2/ZnS NCs. The effects of reaction temperatures ([Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]C) and sulfur precursors (dodecanethiol and sulfur powder) on the shell overgrowth are discussed in detail. When low reaction temperature ([Formula: see text]C) and inactive sulfur precursor are used, the overgrowth of ZnS shell is considerably slow and raising temperature have a limited impact on the particles’ size. On the contrary, high reaction temperature and reactive sulfur precursor can effectively improve the overgrowth rate of ZnS shell, and then thick-shell CuInS2/ZnS NCs can be received. Furthermore, a high-speed centrifugation method is used to screen out product NCs with a relatively uniform size.

Sulcus-Deepening Trochleoplasty for Trochlear Dysplasia

Background: Patients who are refractory to initial management of trochlear dysplasia, which consists of bracing and physical therapy, may be candidates for trochleoplasty. Indications: Indications for trochleoplasty include Dejour classification type B or D trochlear dysplasia, supratrochlear spur height ≥7 mm, and a positive J sign on examination. Technique Description: The thick shell sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty technique involves removing the supratrochlear spur by creating a 5-mm–thick osteochondral shell with underlying cavity, dividing the thick shell into medial and lateral leaflets, and securing the leaflets with absorbable sutures. This establishes a new trochlear groove that is flush with the anterior cortex of the femur. Results: A review of 21 studies with length of follow-up from 8.8 months to 15 years found postoperative dislocation was present in 0% to 15% of patients and the patient satisfaction ranged from 81.0% to 94.4%. A prospective study with a minimum 2-year follow-up found no cases of recurrent dislocation, no progression of radiographic arthritis, 84.8% of patients returned to sport, and the patient satisfaction was a 9.1/10. Discussion/Conclusion: Sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty for trochlear dysplasia provides patellar stability and excellent patient satisfaction.