Incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for elbow and shoulder overuse injuries in youth athletes: A systematic review

Objective To identify and evaluate the evidence of the most relevant running-related risk factors (RRRFs) for running-related overuse injuries (ROIs) and to suggest future research directions. Design Systematic review considering prospective and retrospective studies. (PROSPERO_ID: 236832) Data sources Pubmed. Connected Papers. The search was performed in February 2021. Eligibility criteria English language. Studies on participants whose primary sport is running addressing the risk for the seven most common ROIs and at least one kinematic, kinetic (including pressure measurements), or electromyographic RRRF. An RRRF needed to be identified in at least one prospective or two retrospective studies. Results Sixty-two articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence for specific ROIs ranged from conflicting to moderate evidence. Running populations and methods applied varied considerably between studies. While some RRRFs appeared for several ROIs, most RRRFs were specific for a particular ROI. The biomechanical measurements performed in many studies would have allowed for consideration of many more RRRFs than have been reported, highlighting a potential for more effective data usage in the future. Conclusion This study offers a comprehensive overview of RRRFs for the most common ROIs, which might serve as a starting point to develop ROI-specific risk profiles of individual runners. Future work should use macroscopic (big data) approaches involving long-term data collections in the real world and microscopic approaches involving precise stress calculations using recent developments in biomechanical modelling. However, consensus on data collection standards (including the quantification of workload and stress tolerance variables and the reporting of injuries) is warranted.

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Effect of Injury Prevention Programs on Lower Extremity Performance in Youth Athletes: A Systematic Review

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738119861117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Colleen Hanlon ◽

Joseph J. Krzak ◽

Janey Prodoehl ◽

Kathy D. Hall

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Injury Prevention ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Force Generation ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Youth Athletes ◽

Lower Extremity Performance

Background: Understanding how existing youth injury prevention programs affect specific modifiable injury risk factors will inform future program development for youth athletes. Objective: To comprehensively evaluate the effects of injury prevention programs on the modifiable intrinsic risk factors associated with lower extremity performance in youth athletes. Data Sources: This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A systematic search of the literature was performed using multiple databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost [including CINAHL, Medline, and SPORTDiscus], and PEDro). Secondary references were appraised for relevant articles. Article types included randomized or cluster randomized controlled trials and randomized cohort designs with youth athletes engaged in organized sports, along with outcomes that included at least 1 physical performance outcome measure. Study Selection: Eight studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed by 2 independent reviewers, with a third consulted in the case of disagreement, which was not needed. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Included studies underwent review of methodological quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Results: Studies included mixed-sex samples of youth athletes who predominantly participated in soccer at different skill levels. The FIFA 11+ series was the most commonly used injury prevention program. Among studies, the mean percentage of improvement identified was 11.3% for force generation, 5.7% for coordination, 5.2% for posture, and 5.2% for balance. The lowest mean percentage improvement was in speed (2.2%). Endurance was not significantly affected by any of the programs. Conclusion: This systematic review shows that injury prevention programs improve several modifiable intrinsic risk factors of lower extremity performance among youth athletes, particularly force generation. However, several intrinsic risk factors were either not significantly affected or specifically addressed by existing programs.

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Overuse Physeal Injuries in Youth Athletes

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738117690847 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 139-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Amanda Arnold ◽

Charles A. Thigpen ◽

Paul F. Beattie ◽

Michael J. Kissenberth ◽

Ellen Shanley

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Original Research ◽

Training Volume ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Accelerated Growth

Context: Despite rising awareness of the risks associated with sports participation, overuse injuries continue to increase in youth athlete populations. Physeal injuries are one type of overuse injury exclusive to pediatric populations that are often sustained during athletic practice or competition. Overuse physeal injuries are, in theory, preventable; however, little consensus has been reached surrounding the risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies. Objective: This systematic review summarizes the best available evidence concerning overuse physeal injuries in youth and adolescent athletes. It can be used to develop prevention and treatment programs specific to this population. Data Sources: PubMed and Academic Search Complete (EBSCOhost) were explored using the keyword physeal injuries from January 1950 through May 2015 to identify 24 studies. Study Selection: Original research studies of athletic populations with mechanisms of injury related to sport were chosen. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Data Extraction: Data were extracted as available from 24 eligible studies. Study quality was rated using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine (OCEBM) guidelines. Results: Risk factors for injury include periods of accelerated growth, chronological age, body size, training volume, and previous injury. Injury prevention strategies currently emphasize participation limitations and sport-specific training programs in skeletally immature athletes. The most effective treatment after an overuse physeal injury was an extended period of active rest and joint immobilization when necessary. Conclusion: Overuse physeal injuries are multifactorial in nature. Muscular imbalances after accelerated growth periods predispose young athletes to overuse injuries. Modifiable risk factors such as flexibility, strength, and training volume should be regularly monitored to prevent these injuries.

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Risk factors for overuse injuries in short- and long-distance running: A systematic review

Journal of Sport and Health Science ◽

10.1016/j.jshs.2020.06.006 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dennis van Poppel ◽

Maarten van der Worp ◽

Anouk Slabbekoorn ◽

Sylvia S.P. van den Heuvel ◽

Marienke van Middelkoop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Distance Running ◽

Long Distance ◽

Long Distance Running

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Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for overuse injuries of the wrist in young athletes: a systematic review

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2014-094492 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (18) ◽

pp. 1189-1196 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Laura S Kox ◽

P Paul F M Kuijer ◽

Gino M M J Kerkhoffs ◽

Mario Maas ◽

Monique H W Frings-Dresen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Overuse Injuries ◽

Young Athletes

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Incidence/Prevalence, Risk Factors and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2013.08.641 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. A434

Author(s):

N. Likhar ◽

S.R. Nair ◽

M.K. Rai ◽

R. Goyal ◽

S. Shaikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Indian Patients ◽

Incidence Prevalence

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Incidence, Prevalence, and Risk Factors of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17144962 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 4962

Author(s):

Shahnawaz Anwer ◽

Ahmad Alghadir

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Science Studies ◽

Female Gender ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Incidence Prevalence

The current systematic review aimed to investigate the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors causing hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) after stroke. Two independent authors screened titles and abstracts for the eligibility of the included studies in the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science. Studies which reported the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors of HSP following stroke were included. The included studies were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for evaluating the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eighteen studies were included in the final synthesis. In all studies, the number of patients ranged between 58 and 608, with the mean age ranging from 58.7 to 76 years. Seven included studies were rated as “good “quality, while one study rated “fair” and 10 studies rated “poor” quality. Eight studies reported incidence rate while 11 studies reported the prevalence of HSP following a stroke. The incidence of HSP was ranging from 10 to 22% in the metanalysis of the included studies. The prevalence of HSP was ranging from 22 to 47% in the metanalysis of the included studies. The most significant predictors of HSP were age, female gender, increased tone, sensory impairment, left-sided hemiparesis, hemorrhagic stroke, hemispatial neglect, positive past medical history, and poor National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. The incidence and prevalence of HSP after stroke vary considerably due to various factors. Knowledge of predictors is important to minimize the risk of developing HSP following a stroke.

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