A microsatellite-containing 359-bp restriction fragment, isolated from the rat Pigr gene (murine polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene) 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) and inserted into 3′-UTR or 3′ flanking positions in transcription units of supercoiled plasmids, attenuates luciferase reporter gene expression in orientation- and position-dependent ways following transient transfection of human 293 cells. The same fragment stimulates orientation-dependent gene expression in a 5′ flanking position. Plasmid linearization abrogates both orientation- and position-dependent responses. Cell-free translation reveals that 5′ and 3′ flanking expression responses are proportional to increased and decreased luciferase mRNA levels, whereas 3′-UTR expression is associated with control mRNA levels. Hypersensitivity to nucleases S1 and P1, gel mobility differences between supercoiled plasmids carrying opposing microsatellite orientations, and anomalous melting profiles of this fragment are also observed. These results suggest that functional pleiotropy of this fragment depends on the DNA context of its purine-rich microsatellite strand and on DNA supercoiling. Intramolecular triplexes stabilized by supercoiling and secondary structures of purine repeat-rich mRNAs may also confer regulatory properties to similar genomic elements.
Discordant expression and variable numbers of neighboring GGA- and GAA-rich triplet repeats in the 3' untranslated regions of two groups of messenger RNAs encoded by the rat polymeric immunoglobulin receptor gene