A Rapid Preparation Technique for X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Clay Minerals in Weathered Rock Materials

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Mcalister ◽  
B.J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weathered Rock ◽  
Rock Materials

THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. J. Hortie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis using clay mineral standards extracted from the samples to be analysed

Clay Minerals ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Density Separation ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Differential Settling

AbstractIn the quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of a series of samples, the problems arising from the variable compositions and degrees of crystallinity of clay minerals were overcome to a great extent by the use of standards extracted from the samples. Procedures are given for separation of the montmorillonite standard by differential settling of Na-montmorillonite solvated in an ethanol solution and for isolation of the kaolinite, mica, and chlorite standards by density separation of their Na-forms in thallous formate.Calibration curves were prepared from the X-ray diffractograms obtained for series of known mixtures of Ca-forms of the standards and the internal standard boehmite using both powder and smear-oriented mounting techniques.

Combined Thermal and X-Ray Diffraction Technique for Identification of Ceramicware Temper and Paste Minerals

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne C. Isphording
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
High Temperature Furnace ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Temperature Furnace

AbstractThe identification of the original paste and temper minerals present in ceramicware fragments can often be useful in determining if the fragments are indigenous to the area or whether they represent tradeware. To date, it has generally been believed that no certain means existed to identify the mineral constitutents once they were destroyed in the original kiln-firing operation. A new technique is described that permits the investigator to often identify both temper and the fine-grained paste materials as well. This method involves: (1) crushing the fragment to a fine powder; (2) heating the powder in a high temperature furnace to sufficient temperatures to cause the constituent ions present to recombine to form new, high temperature minerals; and (3) X-ray diffraction analysis to identify the new minerals. In many cases, identification of the resulting high temperature minerals will clearly indicate the composition of the original clay paste and temper. Examples are shown for the clay minerals kaolinite, montmorillonite and palygorskite. Diffractograms are also presented for comparison of ceramic fragments from Mexico and Alabama that contain the above minerals as original constituents.

scholarly journals Application of the capillary method in micro X-ray diffractometry (µ-XRD): A useful technique for the characterization of small amounts of clay minerals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivett Kovács ◽  
Tibor Németh ◽  
Gabriella B. Kiss ◽  
Zsolt Benkó
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rapid Preparation ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Capillary Method ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Ph Conditions

AbstractThe laboratory micro X-ray diffraction (μ-XRD) technique is a suitable method to study minerals in-situ in whole-rock specimens without any sample preparation or in polished thin sections, and even in small amounts in powdered form. The micro X-ray diffraction method uses the conventional, closed-tube X-ray generator, but modifications were needed in the diffraction column, sample holder and detector in order to achieve μ-XRD capability.In this paper, we present a case study of the capillary method used in µ-XRD on hydrothermal clay mineral assemblages that formed in the Velence Mts (Hungary). The capillary method in µ-XRD has many advantages in the investigation of small amounts of clay minerals: (1) easy and rapid preparation of randomly oriented, powdered samples; (2) rapid measurements; (3) accurate diffraction patterns. By using the capillary method, the formation of preferred orientation can be eliminated; thus the (hkl) reflection of the clay minerals can be precisely measured. Illite polytype quantification and the investigation of (060) reflection of clay minerals can be used satisfactorily in µ-XRD.Hydrothermal clay mineral assemblages are indicative of temperature and pH. Their examination can determine the physicochemical parameters of the hydrothermal fluids that interacted with the host granite in the Velence Mts. The analyzed hydrothermal clay minerals from the western part of the mountains suggest lower temperatures (150–200 °C) and intermediate pH conditions. In contrast, the clay mineral assemblages' characteristics for the eastern part of the mountains indicate more intense argillization and higher temperatures (∼220 °C) and intermediate pH conditions.

A Study on Color Stones of Clay Minerals — Changhua Stone

2011 ◽  
Vol 492 ◽  
pp. 404-409
Author(s):  
Yan Fang Chen ◽  
Xue Hui Yu
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metasomatic Fluid ◽  
Mineral Compositions ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Chicken Blood

Changhua Stone is a rock, composed of clay minerals such as dickites and is also a special secondary quartzite formed by gas liquid metasomatic metamorphism. The article emphasizes its study on rock characteristics, mineral composition, and the causes of formation of Changhua Stone, excluding Changhua Chicken-Blood Stone. By observing petrographical characters of Changhua Stone, analyzing its physical and chemical characters, and testing its geochemical compositions with SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis, the results indicate that the mineral compositions of Changuan Stone are relate to the composition of protolith, the compositions and characters of metasomatic metasomatic fluid, and the conditions of metamorphism, especially the stress and the temperature.

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