Holocene Vegetation Dynamics of Anticosti Island, Québec, and Consequences of Remoteness on Ecological Succession

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lavoie ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation History ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Ecological Succession ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Plant Migration ◽  
Alnus Crispa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paper Birch ◽  
Anticosti Island

AbstractThe postglacial vegetation history of Anticosti Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Québec, was reconstructed from pollen analysis of three sites, providing the first paleoecological data for the island. The earliest plant communities (8550–777014C yr B.P.; 9500–8500 cal yr B.P.) were characterized by a high representation of green alder (Alnus crispa), indicating an open environment with sparse spruce (Picea). Between 7770 and 370014C yr B.P. (8500–4000 cal yr B.P.), the island was colonized by mixed deciduous and coniferous forests dominated by paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and spruce. A major increase in the abundance of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) occurred ca. 370014C yr B.P. (4000 cal yr B.P.), indicating development of the closed fir–spruce forests as they exist today. The island's remoteness from continental seed plant sources influenced plant colonization, afforestation, and ecological succession. The Gulf of St. Lawrence slowed plant migration, and tree species had to spread from the Gaspé Peninsula. Repeated drops in fir pollen percentages during the last 4,000 years may reflect the activity of defoliating insects.

Holocene vegetation history of the boreal forest near Chibougamau, central Quebec

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1364-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Garralla ◽  
K. Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Shrub Tundra ◽  
History Of ◽  
Open Forests

A pollen diagram from a small lake in the region of Chibougamau (49°41′N, 74°35′W; elevation 380 m), central Quebec, is divided into four pollen assemblage zones. Before 7600 BP the landscape was open shrub tundra and the pollen input to the lake was primarily from long-distance sources. Larix, and to a lesser extent Populus, were important colonizers of the newly deglaciated land, and Picea was also present. Betula papyrifera and Picea dominated the open forests between 7600 and 4700 BP. After 4700 BP the forest became more dense and the importance of Betula papyrifera suggests relatively warm and dry climatic conditions. Around 3900 BP Picea, Ericaceae, and Sphagnum increased in abundance at the expense of Betula, suggesting cooler, wetter conditions. Pinus banksiana increased during this period but was never very abundant. The modern boreal forest thus developed relatively late in this region and has been present for only the past 2000–3000 BP. Key words: paleoecology, Quebec, Holocene, boreal forest, Betula papyrifera, Picea.

Effects of atmospheric fluorides on foliage, and cone and seed production in balsam fir, black spruce, and larch

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Sidhu ◽  
R. J. Staniforth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Alnus Crispa ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Tree Number

Fluoride accumulations and damage symptoms to foliage, cones, and seeds of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), and larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) were monitored at six sites downwind from a phosphorus plant that emitted fluorides during 1982. Atmospheric fluoridation rates ranged from 347.4 μg F∙dm−2∙week−1 (11.38 μg F∙m−3) at 1.4 km from the fluoride source to 2.5 μg F∙dm−2∙week−1 (0.08 μg F∙m−3) at 18.7 km. Various degrees of foliar damage (chlorosis, necrosis, needle damage, and defoliation) occurred where fluoride accumulations in the foliage exceeded 20 ppm. This occurred at sites where the fluoridation rates were in excess of 26.0 μg F∙dm−2∙ week−1, and at distances less than 10.3 km downwind from the fluoride source. Reductions in seed size, percent germination, numbers of seeds per cone, number of cones per tree, number of fertile trees, and size reduction, distortion, or mortality of the cones occurred under the same fluoridation rates. Seed output on the windward sides of trees was significantly less than that on the leeward sides. At the most polluted site, seed production in balsam fir, black spruce, and larch, respectively, was reduced to 3.6, 2.6, and 0.0% of that at a control site. All three species in the study are considered to be susceptible to fluoride damage, with respect to both vegetative and reproductive symptoms. Reproductive failure and past mortality of fluoride-damaged conifers have resulted in their replacement by more tolerant hardwood species (e.g., birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), alder (Alnus crispa (Ait.) Pursh)) as the dominant forest species in the vicinity of the phosphorus plant.

Late Quaternary vegetation history of the Fishhook Bend area, Porcupine River, Alaska

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1765-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Edwards ◽  
Linda B. Brubaker
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Betula Papyrifera ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northern Alaska ◽  
Far Eastern

Ped Pond is a lake lying in a Pleistocene scour channel of the Porcupine valley. The valley is considered to be a possible path of late Quaternary species migrations between interior Alaska and northwest Canada. Pollen in the oldest lake sediments (ca. 13 000 years old) indicates that shrub birch and willow probably occurred locally in a sparsely vegetated, herb-dominated landscape. Populus, Juniperus, and Typha latifolia increased about 10 000 years ago, suggesting particularly warm temperatures during the early Holocene. Picea glauca, which is presently common in the surrounding forests, first arrived near Ped Pond about 8500 years ago. This arrival date, together with existing evidence from other sites, indicates that spruce expanded rapidly across far-eastern Beringia 8000–9000 years ago. Other boreal forest taxa, Picea mariana, Betula papyrifera, and Alnus spp., became established locally between 7000 and 8000 years BP. A date of ca. 7500 years BP at Ped Pond suggests that the Alnus rise in northeast Alaska preceded that in adjacent Canada, possibly reflecting an eastward movement of alder. The vegetation history at Ped Pond suggests the Porcupine valley has been an important transition zone throughout the Holocene; some events are characteristic of northern Alaska and some of northwest Canada.

A LATE HOLOCENE VEGETATION HISTORY OF LOWLAND GUATEMALA: RECORDS FROM LAKE IZABAL, EASTERN GUATEMALA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdoo Mongol ◽  
◽  
Francisca E. Oboh-Ikuenobe ◽  
Jonathan Obrist-Farner ◽  
Alex Correa-Metrio
Keyword(s):  
Late Holocene ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
History Of

Vegetation history of the marine isotope stage 7 interglacial complex at Ioannina, NW Greece

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1378-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Roucoux ◽  
P.C. Tzedakis ◽  
M.R. Frogley ◽  
I.T. Lawson ◽  
R.C. Preece
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation History ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage ◽  
History Of

Maturation thermique et histoire de l'enfouissement et de la génération des hydrocarbures du bassin de l'archipel de Mingan et de l'île d'Anticosti, Canada

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 731-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Platform ◽  
Burial History ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
Oil Generation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
Depth Of Burial

Carbonate platform sequences of Anticosti Island and the Mingan Archipelago are Early Ordovician to Early Silurian in age. With the exception of the Macasty Formation, the sequences are impoverished in dispersed organic matter, which is chiefly composed of zooclasts. Zooclast reflectances suggest that the Upper Ordovician and Silurian sequences outcropping on Anticosti Island are entirely in the oil window but that the Lower to Middle Ordovician beds of the Mingan Archipelago and their stratigraphic equivalents in the subsurface of most of Anticosti Island belong to the condensate zone. Only the deeper sequences of the southwestern sector of Anticosti Island are in the diagenetic dry-gas zone. The maximum depth of burial of sequences below now-eroded Silurian to Devonian strata increases from 2.3 km on southwestern Anticosti Island to 4.5 km in the Mingan Archipelago. A late upwarp of the Precambrian basement likely allowed deeper erosion of the Paleozoic strata in the vicinity of the Mingan Archipelago than on Anticosti Island. Differential erosion resulted in a southwestern tilting of equal maturation surfaces. The Macasty Formation, the only source rock of the basin (total organic carbon generally > 3.5%, shows a wide range of thermal maturation levels (potential oil window to diagenetic dry gas). It can be inferred from the burial history of Anticosti Island sequences that oil generation began later but continued for a longer period of geologic time in the northeastern part than in the southeastern part of the island. Oil generation was entirely pre-Acadian in the southern and western parts of Anticosti Island, but pre- and post-Acadian in the northern and eastern parts.

Evaluation of the regional vegetation and climate in the Eastern Alps (Austria) during MIS 3–4 based on pollen analysis of the classical Baumkirchen paleolake sequence

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Jonathan Barrett ◽  
Ruth Drescher-Schneider ◽  
Reinhard Starnberger ◽  
Christoph Spötl
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Mis 3 ◽  
Quaternary Stratigraphy ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe pre-last glacial maximum paleolake sediments at Baumkirchen, western Austria, are well known in Alpine Quaternary stratigraphy as being the type locality of the Middle to Upper Würmian transition. Their location provides a rare opportunity to investigate the vegetation history of the interior of the Alps during the last glacial cycle. A recent renewed research effort involving new drilling revealed a 250-m-thick lacustrine sequence with an older, ca. Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 phase and a younger, mid- to late MIS 3 phase. Pollen analysis reveals generally poor preservation and very low pollen concentration due to very high sedimentation rates. On the basis of pollen percentages and influx rates, six pollen zones (PZ) were assigned. PZ1 and 2 correspond to the entire ca. MIS 4 section and are characterized by only scattered vegetation representing an extremely cold and dry climate. Two stadials and two interstadials were identified in the MIS 3 section. The interstadials are characterized by well-developed open vegetation with some stands of trees, with the upper PZ6 being better developed but still forest-free. On the basis of previous radiocarbon dating, this zone (PZ6) is correlated to Greenland Interstadial (GI) 7 and the lower interstadial (PZ4) tentatively to GI 8.

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