Responses to sex- and species-specific chemical signals in allopatric and sympatric salamander species

2006 ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Palmer ◽  
Lynne D. Houck
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Salamander Species

A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
YongLin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Spme Fibre

Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the beetle can serve as biomarkers. Methods: The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released from T. castaneum. Results: The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time, temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were 1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl. Conclusion: This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent treatment.

scholarly journals Blooms of Toxic Cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in Norwegian Fjords During Holocene Warm Periods

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Robert Konkel ◽  
Anna Toruńska-Sitarz ◽  
Marta Cegłowska ◽  
Žilvinas Ežerinskis ◽  
Justina Šapolaitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Nodularia Spumigena ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Ecosystem Changes ◽  
Deep Sediments

In paleoecological studies, molecular markers are being used increasingly often to reconstruct community structures, environmental conditions and ecosystem changes. In this work, nodularin, anabaenopeptins and selected DNA sequences were applied as Nodularia spumigena markers to reconstruct the history of the cyanobacterium in the Norwegian fjords. For the purpose of this study, three sediment cores collected in Oslofjorden, Trondheimsfjorden and Balsfjorden were analyzed. The lack of nodularin in most recent sediments is consistent with the fact that only one report on the sporadic occurrence and low amounts of the cyanobacterium in Norwegian Fjords in 1976 has been published. However, analyses of species-specific chemical markers in deep sediments showed that thousands of years ago, N. spumigena constituted an important component of the phytoplankton community. The content of the markers in the cores indicated that the biomass of the cyanobacterium increased during the warmer Holocene periods. The analyses of genetic markers were less conclusive; they showed the occurrence of microcystin/nodularin producing cyanobacteria of Nostocales order, but they did not allow for the identification of the organisms at a species level.

Enhanced species-specific chemical control of harmful and non-harmful algal bloom species by the thiazolidinedione derivative TD49

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Ho Baek ◽  
Moonho Son ◽  
Seung Won Jung ◽  
Dong Hee Na ◽  
Hoon Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom Species ◽  
Species Specific

Species-Specific Chemical Signatures in Scale Insect Honeydew

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1231-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpreet K. Dhami ◽  
Robin Gardner-Gee ◽  
Jeremy Van Houtte ◽  
Silas G. Villas-Bôas ◽  
Jacqueline R. Beggs
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Chemical Signatures ◽  
Species Specific

Urine-Derived Compound Evokes Membrane Responses in Mouse Vomeronasal Receptor Neurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2856-2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Moss ◽  
Robert E. Flynn ◽  
Xin-Ming Shen ◽  
Carol Dudley ◽  
Jiming Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outward Current ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Vomeronasal Organ ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Vomeronasal Receptor ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Species Specific

Moss, Robert L., Robert E. Flynn, Xin-Ming Shen, Carol Dudley, Jiming Shi, and Milos Novotny. Urine-derived compound evokes membrane responses in mouse vomeronasal receptor neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2856–2862, 1997. Sensory neurons of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) are thought to detect species-specific chemical signals important for reproductive function. The electrical properties of VNO neurons have begun to be characterized in a variety of species; however, the response of VNO neurons to possible physiological ligands has not yet been reported. One physiological effector, dehydro-exo-brevicomin (DHB), is found in the urine of intact male mice and affects the estrous cycle of female mice. In the present study, dissociated VNO neurons were voltage- or current-clamped and their response to DHB was determined. Approximately 26% of VNO neurons responded to DHB with an outward current at negative holding potentials; the current reversed at approximately +4 mV. Application of DHB in current-clamp mode produced membrane hyperpolarization and/or a reduction in the firing of action potentials. Because membrane conductance was shown to be decreased during application of DHB, the results suggest that the outward current associated with DHB application is a reflection of a reduction in inward current caused by closing an ion channel. This study provides the first evidence that a compound found in male urine directly affects VNO neurons.

A Chemo-Mechatronic Origami Device for Chemical Sensing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Conor M. Gomes ◽  
Kevin J. McDonald ◽  
Leila F. Deravi ◽  
Samuel M. Felton
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Aluminum Substrate ◽  
Mechatronic System ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Low Profile

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and operation of a chemo-mechatronic system that changes its geometry and electrical functionality in the presence of specific chemical signals. To accomplish this, we integrated a protein hydrogel with an aluminum substrate and flexible circuit in a low-profile laminate. To demonstrate the concept, we have built and tested a sensor that lights an LED when actuated in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG).

Suberized Cell Walls of Cork from Cork Oak Differ from Other Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Teresa Teixeira ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractPlants have suberized cells that act as protective interfaces with the environment or between different plant tissues. A lamellar structure of alternating dark and light bands has been found upon transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation of cork cells and considered a typical feature of the suberized secondary wall. We observed cork cells from periderms of Quercus suber, Quercus cerris, Solanum tuberosum, and Calotropis procera by TEM after uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining. A lamellated structure was observed in S. tuberosum and C. procera but not in Q. suber and Q. cerris where the suberized cell wall showed a predominantly hyaline aspect with only a dark dotted staining. Removal of suberin from Q. suber cells left a thinner secondary wall that lost the translucent aspect. We hypothesize that the species' specific chemical composition of suberin will result in different three-dimensional macromolecular development and in a different spatial location of lignin and other aromatics. A lamellated ultrastructure is therefore not a general feature of suberized cells.

scholarly journals Exploiting intraspecific competitive mechanisms to control invasive cane toads ( Rhinella marina )

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1742) ◽  
pp. 3436-3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Crossland ◽  
Takashi Haramura ◽  
Angela A. Salim ◽  
Robert J. Capon ◽  
Richard Shine
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Invasive Species Control ◽  
Tropical Australia ◽  
Competitive Mechanisms ◽  
Species Specific

If invasive species use chemical weapons to suppress the viability of conspecifics, we may be able to exploit those species-specific chemical cues for selective control of the invader. Cane toads ( Rhinella marina ) are spreading through tropical Australia, with negative effects on native species. The tadpoles of cane toads eliminate intraspecific competitors by locating and consuming newly laid eggs. Our laboratory trials show that tadpoles find those eggs by searching for the powerful bufadienolide toxins (especially, bufogenins) that toads use to deter predators. Using those toxins as bait, funnel-traps placed in natural waterbodies achieved near-complete eradication of cane toad tadpoles with minimal collateral damage (because most native (non-target) species are repelled by the toads' toxins). More generally, communication systems that have evolved for intraspecific conflict provide novel opportunities for invasive-species control.

Caste- and colony-specific chemical signals on eggs of the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Chemoecology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Ayasse ◽  
Julia Birnbaum ◽  
Jan Tengö ◽  
Adriaan van Doorn ◽  
Timo Taghizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombus Terrestris ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Specific Chemical

Female choice for large body size in the cave molly, Poecilia mexicana (Poeciliidae, Teleostei): influence of species- and sex-specific cues

Behaviour ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 1147-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Parzefall ◽  
Rüdiger Riesch ◽  
Ingo Schlupp ◽  
Martin Plath
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Large Body Size ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Stimulus Fish ◽  
Poecilia Mexicana ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Cave Molly

AbstractPrevious studies revealed that females of a cave form of the livebearing fish Poecilia mexicana (cave molly) have maintained the ancestral visual preference for large males, but — as an adaptation to life in darkness — they have evolved the novel capability to assess male size non-visually. Here we examined the mechanisms by which non-visual mate choice for large body size occurs. Are sex- and species-specific chemical cues involved in this preference for large conspecifics? We gave focal females an opportunity to associate with a large and a small stimulus fish in simultaneous choice tests, whereby the females could perceive either multiple cues (visual plus non-visual) from the stimulus fish, solely non-visual cues in darkness, or solely visual cues. Stimulus fish were two conspecific males, conspecific females, or heterospecific females (Xiphophorus hellerii). Cave molly females showed a significant preference for large conspecific males and for large conspecific females in all treatments. When a large and a small swordtail female were presented, cave molly females showed a preference for the larger fish only when exclusively visual cues from the stimulus fish were available. The non-visual preference for large body size appears to be mediated by species- but not by sex-specific cues, suggesting that species-specific chemical cues play an important role during mate choice.

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