Intra- and Interspecific Interactions among Parasitoids: Mechanisms, Outcomes and Biological Control

2007 ◽  
pp. 123-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Boivin ◽  
Jacques Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Interspecific Interactions

scholarly journals PAIRWISE ASSOCIATION AS A CRITERION FOR THE SELECTION OF COLLECTION SITES OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE CASSAVA GREEN MITE, Mononychellus tanajoa (BONDAR)

1996 ◽  
Vol 53 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.S. RODRIGUES ◽  
L.C. PARAÍBA ◽  
G. J. de MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Mononychellus Tanajoa ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cassava Green Mite ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Green Mite ◽  
Collection Sites ◽  
Selection Of

Climatic similarity has been the primary parameter considered in the selection of sites for the collection and release of natural enemies in classical biological control programs. However, acknowledging the relevance of the composition of biological communities can be essential for improving the record of successful biocontrol projects, in relation to the proper selection of collection sites. We present in this paper an analysis of the plant and mite assemblages in cassava fields of northeastern Brazil. Such analysis is suggested as an additional criterion for the selection of collection sites of mite predators of the cassava green mite, Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar), in an international biological control program. Contingency TABLES were built using Dice's index as an indicator of significant associations between pairs of species. This analysis enabled the identification of plant and mite species typically found together, indicating interspecific interactions or similar ecological requirements. Finally, a cluster analysis was used to group sites containing similar assemblages. These sites exhibit comparable chances of harboring a given species. Applied at the species-group level, the analysis may assist in better defining sites for the collection of natural enemies to be released in a given region, improving the chances of establishment.

scholarly journals Niche overlap and daily activity pattern of social wasps (Vespidae: Polistinae) in kale crops

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Castro Jacques ◽  
Tiago Georg Pikart ◽  
Vinicius Silva Santos ◽  
Lucas Oliveira Vicente ◽  
Luís Cláudio Paterno Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Education Science

Kale (Brassica oleraceae var. acephala) is of great importance in human nutrition and local agricultural economies, but its growth is impaired by the attack of several insect pests. Social wasps prey on these pests, but few studies report the importance of this predation or the potential use of wasps as biological control for agricultural pests. This study aimed to survey the species of social wasps that forage in kale (B. oleraceae var. acephala), recording the influence of temperature and time of day on the foraging behavior of these wasps. The research was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Minas Gerais - Bambuí Campus, from July to December 2015, when twelve collections of social wasps that foraged on a common area of kale cultivation were made, noting the temperature and time of collection for each wasp. Polybia ignobilis, Protonectarina sylveirae and Protopolybia sedula were the most common wasp species foraging in fields of kale. Interspecific interactions between wasp species did not affect their coexistence within kale fields, with peak foraging occurring between 1000 and 1100 hours. Social wasps are important predators of herbivorous insects in the agricultural environment and the coexistence of a great diversity of these predators can help control pest insects that occur in the crop. Moreover, knowing factors that influence foraging behaviors of common wasp species that occur in this crop is important for effective use of these insects in the biological control of pests.

Exploring the Kairomone-Based Foraging Behaviour of Natural Enemies to Enhance Biological Control: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal M. Ayelo ◽  
Christian W. W. Pirk ◽  
Abdullahi A. Yusuf ◽  
Anaïs Chailleux ◽  
Samira A. Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Olfactory Responses

Kairomones are chemical signals that mediate interspecific interactions beneficial to organisms that detect the cues. These attractants can be individual compounds or mixtures of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) or herbivore chemicals such as pheromones, i.e., chemicals mediating intraspecific communication between herbivores. Natural enemies eavesdrop on kairomones during their foraging behaviour, i.e., location of oviposition sites and feeding resources in nature. Kairomone mixtures are likely to elicit stronger olfactory responses in natural enemies than single kairomones. Kairomone-based lures are used to enhance biological control strategies via the attraction and retention of natural enemies to reduce insect pest populations and crop damage in an environmentally friendly way. In this review, we focus on ways to improve the efficiency of kairomone use in crop fields. First, we highlight kairomone sources in tri-trophic systems and discuss how these attractants are used by natural enemies searching for hosts or prey. Then we summarise examples of field application of kairomones (pheromones vs. HIPVs) in recruiting natural enemies. We highlight the need for future field studies to focus on the application of kairomone blends rather than single kairomones which currently dominate the literature on field attractants for natural enemies. We further discuss ways for improving kairomone use through attract and reward technique, olfactory associative learning, and optimisation of kairomone lure formulations. Finally, we discuss why the effectiveness of kairomone use for enhancing biological control strategies should move from demonstration of increase in the number of attracted natural enemies, to reducing pest populations and crop damage below economic threshold levels and increasing crop yield.

Population dynamics of and larval trematode interactions with Lymnaea tomentosa and the potential for biological control of schistosome dermatitis in Bremner Bay, Lake Wanaka, New Zealand

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Larval Trematode ◽  
Host Snail ◽  
Water Plant

AbstractLymnaea tomentosa, the intermediate host of a schistosome which causes schistosome dermatitis in Lake Wanaka, was found to depths of 16 m. The snail recruits in January, lives for up to 21 months, is associated with all water plant species and is found in areas devoid of macroscopic plants. It is host to several trematode species. Avian schistosome infections appear in the spring when echinostome prevalence is low, and a decrease in schistosome prevalence may be correlated with an increase in echinostome prevalence during the summer. A multiple-kind lottery model analysis of parasite species richness implies that interspecific interactions may be occurring in the host snail during the months of December and January.

scholarly journals Ecological Complexity and the Success of Fungal Biological Control Agents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Knudsen ◽  
Louise-Marie C. Dandurand
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Biological Control Agents

Fungal biological control agents against plant pathogens, especially those in soil, operate within physically, biologically, and spatially complex systems by means of a variety of trophic and nontrophic interspecific interactions. However, the biocontrol agents themselves are also subject to the same types of interactions, which may reduce or in some cases enhance their efficacy against target plant pathogens. Characterization of these ecologically complex systems is challenging, but a number of tools are available to help unravel this complexity. Several of these tools are described here, including the use of molecular biology to generate biocontrol agents with useful marker genes and then to quantify these agents in natural systems, epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy to observe their presence and activity in situ, and spatial statistics and computer simulation modeling to evaluate and predict these activities in heterogeneous soil habitats.

Electron investigations of rhabdovirus-like particles in mexican bean beetles and crickets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-379
Author(s):  
J. R. Adams ◽  
G. J Tompkins ◽  
A. M. Heimpel ◽  
E. Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Epilachna Varivestis ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Similar Morphology ◽  
Bean Beetle

As part of a continual search for potential pathogens of insects for use in biological control or on an integrated pest management program, two bacilliform virus-like particles (VLP) of similar morphology have been found in the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis Mulsant and the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L. ).Tissues of diseased larvae and adults of E. varivestis and all developmental stages of A. domesticus were fixed according to procedures previously described. While the bean beetles displayed no external symptoms, the diseased crickets displayed a twitching and shaking of the metathoracic legs and a lowered rate of activity.Examinations of larvae and adult Mexican bean beetles collected in the field in 1976 and 1977 in Maryland and field collected specimens brought into the lab in the fall and reared through several generations revealed that specimens from each collection contained vesicles in the cytoplasm of the midgut filled with hundreds of these VLP's which were enveloped and measured approximately 16-25 nm x 55-110 nm, the shorter VLP's generally having the greater width (Fig. 1).

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