Clostridium spp. Toxins: A Practical Guide for Expression and Characterization in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Mariliana Luiza Ferreira Alves ◽  
Gustavo Marçal Schmidt Garcia Moreira ◽  
Marcos Roberto Alves Ferreira ◽  
Rafael Amaral Donassolo ◽  
Clóvis Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Practical Guide ◽  
Clostridium Spp

scholarly journals FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF SOW DEATHS IN THE INTENSIVE BREEDING SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Nenad Stojanac ◽  
Ognjen Stevančević ◽  
Marko R. Cincović ◽  
Ivan Stančić ◽  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Intensive Breeding ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Sow mortality is a great challenge in intensive pig production worldwide. The aim of this study was to forensically examine the reason of sow death for a two-year period on two farms with intensive pig keeping, based on available data. In sows with a greater number of farrowings (over VII) greater number of deaths was found. Seasonality has an impact on sow mortality, in the summer period a larger number of sow death was found. Poor sow condition that usually occurs in the second half of lactation and after weaning, are the predisposition to the factors that lead to the sow death. On both examined farms in more than 60% of dead sows Clostridium spp. and Escherichia coli were isolated. In order to reduce the mortality of sows more attention should be paid to the older sows with a larger number of farrowings, provide better conditions in summer, cooling, and pay more attention to sows during the period from farrowing to the next insemination, respectively.

scholarly journals Características químicas y microbiológicas del ensilado de mango (Mangifera indica L) inoculado con yogur natural

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. e21695
Author(s):  
Willan Caicedo ◽  
Luis Caicedo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Clostridium Spp

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la composición química y microbiológica del ensilado de mango de rechazo inoculado con yogur natural para uso en la alimentación animal. Se elaboraron 25 microsilos plásticos de 1 kg y se determinó el pH, materia seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), cenizas, extracto etéreo (EE), extracto libre de nitrógeno (ELN) y energía bruta (EB), así como la probable presencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp y Salmonella sp. Se tomaron muestras los días 1, 4, 8, 15 y 30 del estudio. El pH fue más alto en el día 1 y estable entre el día 4 y 30. En el día 8 de fermentación se determinó un buen contenido de MS, PB, cenizas, ELN, FB, EB y bajo nivel de EE. El ensilado estuvo libre de los patógenos analizados. La combinación de fruta de mango madura molida, sal mineral, melaza, carbonato de calcio, y yogur natural produjo un alimento ensilado con un valor nutricional aceptable para la alimentación de animales de interés zootécnico.

scholarly journals A Small Study of Bacterial Contamination of Anaerobic Digestion Materials and Survival in Different Feed Stocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Lauren Russell ◽  
Paul Whyte ◽  
Annetta Zintl ◽  
Stephen Gordon ◽  
Bryan Markey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Clostridium Sporogenes ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Clostridium Spp

If pathogens are present in feedstock materials and survive in anaerobic digestion (AD) formulations at 37 °C, they may also survive the AD process to be disseminated in digestate spread on farmland as a fertilizer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium spp. in AD feed and output materials and survival/growth in four formulations based on food waste, bovine slurry and/or grease-trap waste using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or equivalent methods. The latter was undertaken in 100 mL Ramboldi tubes, incubated at 37 °C for 10 d with surviving cells enumerated periodically and the T90 values (time to achieve a 1 log reduction) calculated. The prevalence rates for Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium spp. were 3, 0, 5, 11 and 10/13 in food waste, 0, 0, 2, 3 and 2/3 in bovine slurry, 1, 0, 8, 7 and 8/8 in the mixing tank, 5, 1, 17, 18 and 17 /19 in raw digestate and 0, 0, 0, 2 and 2/2 in dried digestate, respectively. Depending on the formulation, T90 values ranged from 1.5 to 2.8 d, 1.6 to 2.8 d, 3.1 to 23.5 d, 2.2 to 6.6 d and 2.4 to 9.1 d for Salmonella Newport, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium sporogenes, respectively. It was concluded that AD feed materials may be contaminated with a range of bacterial pathogens and L. monocytogenes may survive for extended periods in the test formulations incubated at 37 °C.

scholarly journals Agentes bacterianos enteropatogênicos em suínos de diferentes faixas etárias e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de cepas de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1687-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Menin ◽  
Carolina Reck ◽  
Daiane de Souza ◽  
Catia Klein ◽  
Eliana Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Brachyspira Pilosicoli ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Clostridium Spp

As enterites infecciosas bacterianas provocam severas perdas para a indústria suína em todo o mundo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar os agentes bacterianos, associados com a ocorrência de diarréia em suínos, em diferentes faixas etárias, no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, e verificar o perfil de resistência das cepas de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp, frente aos principais antimicrobianos utilizados em granjas de suínos. Os principais gêneros/espécies bacterianos diagnosticados foram Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp, Salmonella spp Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Brachyspira pilosicoli e Lawsonia intracellularis. Os fatores de virulência de E. coli mais prevalentes na fase de maternidade foram F5 / (K99) 20%, F6 / (987P) 16,3%, F42 6,8% e F41 5,7%, já nas fases de creche e terminação, predominaram cepas com fimbrias F4 (K88) 11,2% e 5,4%, respectivamente. Para E. coli os maiores índices de resistência foram encontrados para oxitetraciclina (94%) e tetraciclina (89,5%) e os menores índices de resistência para neomicina (55%), ceftiofur (57,4%). Quanto às amostras de Salmonella spp, estas apresentaram maior resistência à oxitetraciclina (77%), e à tetraciclina (42,1%) e menor à gentamicina (3,5%) e amoxicilina (4,8%).

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Antimicrobial Peptide Effects on Intestinal Bacteria, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Activity of Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-197
Author(s):  
M. M. Sholikin ◽  
A. T. Wahyudi ◽  
A. Jayanegara ◽  
J. Nomura ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Clostridium Spp ◽  
Spleen Index

This study used a meta-analysis to systematically assess the effect of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) addition on the number of bacteria, immune responses, and antioxidant activity of broilers. The database was compiled from 29 post evaluation articles that were found in search engines consisted of 36 experiments and 111 data. The mixed model method was used to assess the effect of AMP, with AMP addition level as a fixed effect and experiment as a random effect. The fixed effect was tested for linear and quadratic models. The quadratic model was retained when significant at p<0.05 but turned into its corresponding linear model when insignificant. In the starter phase, AMP addition decreased the number of bacteria in the ileum (coliform and total aerobic bacteria (TAB); (p<0.05), the caecum (Clostridium spp., Escherichia coli, coliform, and lactic acid bacteria (LAB); p<0.05), and excreta (Clostridium spp.; p<0.1). Similarly, the number of bacteria also declined in the ileum (Escherichia coli, p<0.05; TAB, p<0.1), the caecum (LAB; p<0.1), and excreta (Clostridium spp.; p<0.05) of broilers in the finisher phase. There were significant improvements in immune response and antioxidant activity in starter broiler, as indicated by the titer of Newcastle disease (ND) antibody, bursal index, spleen index, and thymus index (p<0.05) due to AMP addition. Variables of immunoglobulin M (IgM), cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), ND antibody titer, bursal index, spleen index, and thymus index were also significantly increased (p<0.05) while superoxide dismutase activity (SOD activity) tended to increase (p<0.1) in finisher broiler following the AMP addition. In short, AMP addition is able to suppress the number of pathogenic bacteria and increase the immune response and antioxidant activity of broilers.

scholarly journals Características químicas del ensilado de raquis de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) y banano orito (Musa acuminata AA) tratado con suero de leche y urea

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. e19035
Author(s):  
Willan Caicedo ◽  
Derwin Viáfara ◽  
Manuel Pérez ◽  
Felipe Norberto Alves Ferreira ◽  
Gabriel Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Se evaluaron las características químicas de un ensilado de raquis de plátano (Musa paradisiaca) y banano orito (Musa acuminata AA) tratado con suero de leche. Se prepararon 24 microsilos de 1 kg de capacidad y se determinó el pH, materia seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), cenizas, extracto etéreo (EE), extractos libres de nitrógeno (ELN) y energía bruta (EB) a los 0, 1, 4, 8, 15 y 30 días de conservación (cuatro microsilos por cada día). El material ensilado presentó un adecuado pH y produjo incrementos significativos en el contenido de MS, PB, cenizas, EE, ELN, EB y una reducción en el contenido de FB, respecto al raquis en estado natural. Hubo ausencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp y Salmonella spp. Se evidenció olor ácido suave y fuerte, color marrón claro y oscuro y consistencia sólida y semisólida. El uso de material secante, melaza, urea y suero de leche permitió mejorar la composición nutricional del raquis de plátano y banano, generando un alimento de apreciada calidad nutritiva para su empleo en la alimentación animal.

scholarly journals A preliminary study of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium spp. in Irish cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Russell ◽  
C.P. Galindo ◽  
P. Whyte ◽  
D. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Small Cohort ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Although Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium spp. present a significant food safety and/or spoilage issue for the beef sector, there are limited data on their prevalence in Irish cattle. The objectives of this preliminary study were to investigate the distribution (percentage of farms positive) of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, E. faecalis and Clostridium spp. and the overall prevalence (%) of these bacteria in cattle on a small cohort of Irish beef farms. A total of 121 fresh bovine faecal samples were obtained on 10 randomly selected beef farms in the Northeast of Ireland and tested for the target pathogens using standard culture-based methods. Presumptive positives were confirmed using previously published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Salmonella were not detected in any of the samples. E. coli O157, L. monocytogenes, E. faecalis and Clostridium spp. were present on 50%, 40%, 100% and 100% of farms, respectively, with overall (all farms) prevalence rates in cattle of 9%, 8.2%, 61.9% and 87.6%, respectively. This study suggests that E. coli O157 may be more prevalent than previously thought and L. monocytogenes, E. faecalis and Clostridium spp. are widespread in Irish beef animals.

scholarly journals Características químicas y microbiológicas del ensilado de cáscara de cacao (Theobroma cacao L) tratada con yogur natural

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. e21692
Author(s):  
Willan Caicedo ◽  
Luis Caicedo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Clostridium Spp

Se determinaron las características químicas y microbiológicas del ensilado de cáscara de cacao (Theobroma cacao L) tratado con yogur natural como fuente de inóculo para uso en animales de interés zootécnico. Se emplearon 25 microsilos plásticos de 1 kg de capacidad, y se evaluaron en los días 1, 4, 8, 15 y 30 de fermentación. Los indicadores químicos fueron el pH, materia seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), cenizas, extracto etéreo (EE), extractos libres de nitrógeno (ELN) y energía bruta (EB). Los indicadores microbiológicos fueron la presencia o ausencia de Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp y Salmonella spp. El ensilado presento un pH idóneo y un buen contenido de MS, PB, cenizas, ELN, EB y bajo nivel de EE. Los análisis microbiológicos fueron negativos para los microorganismos en evaluación. La combinación de cáscara de cacao molida, sal mineral, melaza, carbonato de calcio y yogur natural produjo un ensilado de apreciada calidad nutricional para uso en la alimentación animal.

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