Market supply and demand models

2013 ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Mik Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Models

scholarly journals Estimation of Supply and Demand Models for Chicken Meat in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedat Dagdemir ◽  
Okan Demir ◽  
Atilla Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Demand Models

scholarly journals The six-sphere framework: A practical tool for assessing monitoring and evaluation systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieron D. Crawley
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Graphic Device ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
Technical Capacity

Background: Successful evaluation capacity development (ECD) at regional, national and institutional levels has been built on a sound understanding of the opportunities and constraints in establishing and sustaining a monitoring and evaluation system. Diagnostics are one of the tools that ECD agents can use to better understand the nature of the ECD environment. Conventional diagnostics have typically focused on issues related to technical capacity and the ‘bridging of the gap’ between evaluation supply and demand. In so doing, they risk overlooking the more subtle organisational and environmental factors that lie outside the conventional diagnostic lens.Method: As a result of programming and dialogue carried out by the Centre for Learning on Evaluation and Results Anglophone Africa engaging with government planners, evaluators, civil society groups and voluntary organisations, the author has developed a modified diagnostic tool that extends the scope of conventional analysis.Results: This article outlines the six-sphere framework that can be used to extend the scope of such diagnostics to include considerations of the political environment, trust and collaboration between key stakeholders and the principles and values that underpin the whole system. The framework employs a graphic device that allows the capture and organisation of structural knowledge relating to the ECD environment.Conclusion: The article describes the framework in relation to other organisational development tools and gives some examples of how it can be used to make sense of the ECD environment. It highlights the potential of the framework to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the ECD environment using a structured diagnostic approach and to move beyond conventional supply and demand models.

Experience Curves and Dynamic Demand Models: Implications for Optimal Pricing Strategies

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dolan ◽  
Abel P. Jeuland
Keyword(s):  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Optimal Pricing Strategy ◽  
Experience Curves

Recent empirical research shows that supply and demand conditions are typically not stable over time. The evolution of these factors and the firm's ability to impact the evolution have important pricing implications. This paper presents a general methodology for determining the optimal pricing strategy over the product life cycle given evolutionary forces in the environment, and derives the optimal pricing strategy for some well known dynamic models.

A Hybrid Decomposition Method for Integrating Coal Supply and Demand Models

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy F. Shapiro ◽  
David E. White
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Method ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Coal Supply ◽  
Hybrid Decomposition

scholarly journals The global financial crisis and Australian general practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian S. McRae ◽  
Francesco Paolucci
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Gp Services ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To explore the potential effects of the global financial crisis (GFC) on the market for general practitioner (GP) services in Australia. Design. We estimate the impact of changes in unemployment rates on demand for GP services and the impact of lost asset values on GP retirement plans and work patterns. Combining these supply and demand effects, we estimate the potential effect of the GFC on the market for GP services under various scenarios. Results. If deferral of retirement increases GP availability by 2%, and historic trends to reduce GP working hours are halved, at the current level of ~5.2% unemployment average fees would decline by $0.23 per GP consultation and volumes of GP services would rise by 2.53% with almost no change in average GP gross earnings over what would otherwise have occurred. With 8.5% unemployment, as initially predicted by Treasury, GP fees would increase by $0.91 and GP income by nearly 3%. Conclusions. The GFC is likely to increase activity in the GP market and potentially to reduce fee levels relative to the pre-GFC trends. Net effects on average GP incomes are likely to be small at current unemployment levels. What is known about the topic? Although the broad directions of the impact of the global financial crisis on the demand for and supply of GP services have been the subject of public discussion, the overall impact on the GP market has not been formally assessed. What does this paper add? Drawing on existing supply and demand models, we estimate the likely effect of the global financial crisis on GP activity levels, GP earnings, and the fees to be faced by patients. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners on average are likely to work harder to recover losses in the investments they have made for their retirements. They may face lower fees than would have been the case due to the increasing supply of GPs as some defer retirement, but average incomes are likely to be minimally affected.

Labor

The Age of Em ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Demand Analysis ◽  
Job Skills ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Specific Skill

Economists find supply and demand to be a very useful way to describe markets, including labor markets. Yes, supply and demand models sometimes fail, but such cases are notable precisely because such models usually work so well. In fact, arguably no model in social science works as well; it is the crown jewel of economic theory. In a supply and demand based labor market, buyers and sellers mostly take prices as given, and assume that they can’t change prices much. Given this assumption, they try to achieve their goals by varying how much labor they buy or sell. Note that supply and demand doesn’t require that everyone know everything, or that they always do exactly what is best for them. It is actually a pretty robust and useful model of human behavior. True, workers often acquire very specific job skills, after which there may be too few sellers or buyers of each specific skill to make for a competitive market. At that point people may reasonably believe that their behaviors can change relevant prices. But for each specific skill there is usually a large pool of workers who are similarly able to learn that skill, and another large pool, this time of employers, with skills they’d like this same pool of workers to learn in order to do their jobs. There is thus a pre-skill labor market with pools of similarly-able-to-learn workers, and with employers who have similar-tasks-to-learn. If these pools are large, and if they do not coordinate to limit the wages they accept, then supply and demand analysis will apply well to this pre-skill market. Thus while it may be hard to predict the specific wages that workers will earn after they learn a specific skill, we can more confidently predict that, in the pre-skill labor market, similar workers will reasonably expect to earn a similar net compensation after they train. Also, employers trying to attract similar workers should expect to pay a similar net compensation. (Of course “wages” include not just cash, but other forms of compensation such as status markers, connections, and resources including information access and computing power.) Consider how such pre-skill labor markets change when we introduce ems built from cheap signal-processing hardware, who are able to substitute in most jobs for ordinary human workers after they’ve acquired relevant skills.

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