Local and Central Factor Contributions in the Perception of Effort During Physical Exercise

Pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents and perception of effort: a systematic review with meta-analysis

10.1101/2021.12.23.474027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maxime Bergevin ◽

James Steele ◽

Marie Payen de la Garanderie ◽

Camille Feral-Basin ◽

Samuele M Marcora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Task Difficulty ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Muscle Afferents ◽

Group Iii ◽

Perceived Effort ◽

Perception Of Effort ◽

Pharmacological Blockade ◽

The Brain

The perception of effort (PE) provides information on task difficulty and influences physical exercise regulation and human behavior. This perception differs from other-exercise related perceptions such as pain. There is no consensus on the role of group III-IV muscle afferents as a signal processed by the brain to generate PE. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of pharmacologically blocking muscle afferents on the PE. Six databases were searched to identify studies measuring the ratings of perceived effort (RPE) during physical exercise, with and without pharmacological blockade of muscle afferents. Articles were coded based on the operational measurement used to distinguish studies in which PE was assessed specifically (effort dissociated) or as a composite experience including other exercise-related perceptions (effort not dissociated). Articles that did not provide enough information for coding were assigned to the unclear group. The effort dissociated group (n=6) demonstrated a slight RPE increase with reduced muscle afferents feedback (standard mean change raw (SMCR), 0.39; 95%CI, 0.13 to 0.64). The group effort not dissociated (n=2) did not reveal conclusive results (SMCR, -0.29; 95%CI, -2.39 to 1.8). The group unclear (n=8) revealed a slight RPE decrease with reduced muscle afferents feedback (SMCR, -0.27; 95%CI, -0.50 to -0.04). The heterogeneity in results between groups reveals that the inclusion of other perceptions than effort in its rating influences the RPE scores reported by the participants. The absence of decreased RPE in the effort dissociated group suggests that muscle afferents feedback is not a sensory signal generating PE.

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Towards Standardized Instructions For Measuring Perception Of Effort And Muscle Pain During Physical Exercise

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000679556.09727.4b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 499-499

Author(s):

Benjamin Pageaux ◽

Pierre Clos ◽

Franco Impellizzeri ◽

Michel Audiffren ◽

Paul Stapley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Muscle Pain ◽

Perception Of Effort

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Supervised versus Recommended Physical Exercise in Hypertensive Women. Is its Recommendation Enough?

Blood Pressure ◽

10.1080/08037050301806 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

JOSEP BONET ◽

RAMON COLL ◽

ENRIQUE ROCHA ◽

RAMóN ROMERO

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise

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The Hierarchical Model of Exercise Dependence

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000172 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 247-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gayatri Kotbagi ◽

Laurence Kern ◽

Lucia Romo ◽

Ramesh Pathare

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Large Population ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Preliminary Version

Abstract. Physical exercise when done excessively may have negative consequences on physical and psychological wellbeing. There exist many scales to measure this phenomenon. The purpose of this article is to create a scale measuring the problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE Scale) by combining two assessment tools already existing in the field of exercise dependency but anchored in different approaches (EDS-R and EDQ). This research consists of three studies carried out on three independent sample populations. The first study (N = 341) tested the construct validity (exploratory factor analysis); the second study (N = 195) tested the structural validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and the third study (N = 104) tested the convergent validity (correlations) of the preliminary version of the PPPE scale. Exploratory factor analysis identified six distinct dimensions associated with exercise dependency. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis validated a second order model consisting of 25 items with six dimensions and four sub-dimensions. The convergent validity of this scale with other constructs (GLTEQ, EAT26, and The Big Five Inventory [BFI]) is satisfactory. The preliminary version of the PPPE must be administered to a large population to refine its psychometric properties and develop scoring norms.

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Weekly Exercise Consistently Reinstates Positive Mood

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.3.4.271 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 271-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hannah Steinberg ◽

Briony R. Nicholls ◽

Elizabeth A. Sykes ◽

N. LeBoutillier ◽

Nerina Ramlakhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Real Life ◽

Positive Mood ◽

Field Investigation ◽

Single Bout ◽

Before And After ◽

Exercise Class ◽

Negative Feelings ◽

Over Time

Mood improvement immediately after a single bout of exercise is well documented, but less is known about successive and longer term effects. In a “real-life” field investigation, four kinds of exercise class (Beginners, Advanced, Body Funk and Callanetics) met once a week for up to 7 weeks. Before and after each class the members assessed how they felt by completing a questionnaire listing equal numbers of “positive” and “negative” mood words. Subjects who had attended at least five times were included in the analysis, which led to groups consisting of 18, 20, 16, and 16 subjects, respectively. All four kinds of exercise significantly increased positive and decreased negative feelings, and this result was surprisingly consistent in successive weeks. However, exercise seemed to have a much greater effect on positive than on negative moods. The favorable moods induced by each class seemed to have worn off by the following week, to be reinstated by the class itself. In the Callanetics class, positive mood also improved significantly over time. The Callanetics class involved “slower,” more demanding exercises, not always done to music. The Callanetics and Advanced classes also showed significantly greater preexercise negative moods in the first three sessions. However, these differences disappeared following exercise. Possibly, these two groups had become more “tolerant” to the mood-enhancing effects of physical exercise; this may be in part have been due to “exercise addiction.”

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Personal Goals of Older Female Twins

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.14.2.160 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 160-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Katariina Salmela-Aro ◽

Sanna Read ◽

Jari-Erik Nurmi ◽

Markku Koskenvuo ◽

Jaakko Kaprio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Exercise ◽

Independent Living ◽

Environmental Effect ◽

Close Relationships ◽

Environmental Influence ◽

Genetic Effect ◽

Additive Genetic Effect ◽

Personal Goals ◽

Cultural Activities ◽

The Individual

This study examined genetic and environmental influences on older women’s personal goals by using data from the Finnish Twin Study on Aging. The interview for the personal goals was completed by 67 monozygotic (MZ) pairs and 75 dizygotic (DZ) pairs. The tetrachoric correlations for personal goals related to health and functioning, close relationships, and independent living were higher in MZ than DZ twins, indicating possible genetic influence. The pattern of tetrachoric correlations for personal goals related to cultural activities, care of others, and physical exercise indicated environmental influence. For goals concerning health and functioning, independent living, and close relationships, additive genetic effect accounted for about half of the individual variation. The rest was the result of a unique environmental effect. Goals concerning physical exercise and care of others showed moderate common environmental effect, while the rest of the variance was the result of a unique environmental effect. Personal goals concerning cultural activities showed unique environmental effects only.

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