Structure and Composition of the Lower and Middle Atmosphere

2008 ◽  
pp. 1-53 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere

GISS Model E2.2: A Climate Model Optimized for the Middle Atmosphere—2. Validation of Large‐Scale Transport and Evaluation of Climate Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Orbe ◽  
David Rind ◽  
Jeffrey Jonas ◽  
Larissa Nazarenko ◽  
Greg Faluvegi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Climate Response

Far-infrared radiometer to map OH in the middle atmosphere

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. NOLT ◽  
J. RADOSTITZ ◽  
K.V. CHANCE ◽  
W. TRAUB ◽  
P. ADE
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Radiometer

Calculating the Natural Atmospheric Radiation Using the General Circulation Model of the Earth’s Lower and Middle Atmosphere

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-815
Author(s):  
B. N. Chetverushkin ◽  
I. V. Mingalev ◽  
E. A. Fedotova ◽  
K. G. Orlov ◽  
V. M. Chechetkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation Model ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Atmospheric Radiation

Detection of Large Fluctuations in Ozone Content in the Middle Atmosphere during Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and Subpolar Latitudes of the Arctic

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262
Author(s):  
Yu. Yu. Kulikov ◽  
A. V. Poberovskii ◽  
V. G. Ryskin ◽  
V. A. Yushkov
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Ozone Content ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Fluctuations

scholarly journals Interannual Variability and Trends in Sea Surface Temperature, Lower and Middle Atmosphere Temperature at Different Latitudes for 1980–2019

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Jakovlev ◽  
Sergei P. Smyshlyaev ◽  
Vener Y. Galin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Impact

The influence of sea-surface temperature (SST) on the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere temperature in the tropical, middle, and polar latitudes is studied for 1980–2019 based on the MERRA2, ERA5, and Met Office reanalysis data, and numerical modeling with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) of the lower and middle atmosphere. The variability of SST is analyzed according to Met Office and ERA5 data, while the variability of atmospheric temperature is investigated according to MERRA2 and ERA5 data. Analysis of sea surface temperature trends based on reanalysis data revealed that a significant positive SST trend of about 0.1 degrees per decade is observed over the globe. In the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, the trend (about 0.2 degrees per decade) is 2 times higher than the global average, and 5 times higher than in the Southern Hemisphere (about 0.04 degrees per decade). At polar latitudes, opposite SST trends are observed in the Arctic (positive) and Antarctic (negative). The impact of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon on the temperature of the lower and middle atmosphere in the middle and polar latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is discussed. To assess the relative influence of SST, CO2, and other greenhouse gases’ variability on the temperature of the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere, numerical calculations with a CCM were performed for several scenarios of accounting for the SST and carbon dioxide variability. The results of numerical experiments with a CCM demonstrated that the influence of SST prevails in the troposphere, while for the stratosphere, an increase in the CO2 content plays the most important role.

scholarly journals Polar Middle Atmospheric Responses to Medium Energy Electron (MEE) Precipitation Using Numerical Model Simulations

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Ji-Hee Lee ◽  
Geonhwa Jee ◽  
Young-Sil Kwak ◽  
Heejin Hwang ◽  
Annika Seppälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Model ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Mesospheric Temperature ◽  
High Energy Electrons ◽  
Circulation Changes

Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) is known to be an important source of chemical changes in the polar middle atmosphere in winter. Recent modeling studies further suggest that chemical changes induced by EPP can also cause dynamic changes in the middle atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the atmospheric responses to the precipitation of medium-to-high energy electrons (MEEs) over the period 2005–2013 using the Specific Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM). Our results show that the MEE precipitation significantly increases the amounts of NOx and HOx, resulting in mesospheric and stratospheric ozone losses by up to 60% and 25% respectively during polar winter. The MEE-induced ozone loss generally increases the temperature in the lower mesosphere but decreases the temperature in the upper mesosphere with large year-to-year variability, not only by radiative effects but also by adiabatic effects. The adiabatic effects by meridional circulation changes may be dominant for the mesospheric temperature changes. In particular, the meridional circulation changes occasionally act in opposite ways to vary the temperature in terms of height variations, especially at around the solar minimum period with low geomagnetic activity, which cancels out the temperature changes to make the average small in the polar mesosphere for the 9-year period.

Self-Acceleration in the Parameterization of Orographic Gravity Wave Drag

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2537-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Scinocca ◽  
Bruce R. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Wave ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Propagating Waves ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A new effect related to the evaluation of momentum deposition in conventional parameterizations of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) is considered. The effect takes the form of an adjustment to the basic-state wind about which steady-state wave solutions are constructed. The adjustment is conservative and follows from wave–mean flow theory associated with wave transience at the leading edge of the wave train, which sets up the steady solution assumed in such parameterizations. This has been referred to as “self-acceleration” and it is shown to induce a systematic lowering of the elevation of momentum deposition, which depends quadratically on the amplitude of the wave. An expression for the leading-order impact of self-acceleration is derived in terms of a reduction of the critical inverse Froude number Fc, which determines the onset of wave breaking for upwardly propagating waves in orographic GWD schemes. In such schemes Fc is a central tuning parameter and typical values are generally smaller than anticipated from conventional wave theory. Here it is suggested that self-acceleration may provide some of the explanation for why such small values of Fc are required. The impact of Fc on present-day climate is illustrated by simulations of the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model.

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