Novel Applications of Optimization to Molecule Design

1997 ◽  
pp. 73-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Meza ◽  
T. D. Plantenga ◽  
R. S. Judson
Keyword(s):  
Molecule Design ◽  
Novel Applications

Advances in ultramicrotomy for physical sciences applications

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
G. McMahon ◽  
T. Malis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Surface ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Metal Wires ◽  
Frequent Problem ◽  
Specific Orientation ◽  
Diamond Knife

As with all techniques which are relatively new and therefore underutilized, diamond knife sectioning in the physical sciences continues to see both developments of the technique and novel applications.Technique Developments Development of specific orientation/embedding procedures for small pieces of awkward shape is exemplified by the work of Bradley et al on large, rather fragile particles of nuclear waste glass. At the same time, the frequent problem of pullout with large particles can be reduced by roughening of the particle surface, and a proven methodology using a commercial coupling agent developed for glasses has been utilized with good results on large zeolite catalysts. The same principle (using acid etches) should work for ceramic fibres or metal wires which may only partially pull out but result in unacceptably thick sections. Researchers from the life sciences continue to develop aspects of embedding media which may be applicable to certain cases in the physical sciences.

Ferula hermonis: A Review of Current Use and Pharmacological Studies of its Sesquiterpene Ester Ferutinin

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Safi ◽  
Marwan El-Sabban ◽  
Fadia Najjar
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Sexual Impotence ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Sesquiterpene Ester

Ferula hermonis Boiss, is an endemic plant of Lebanon, locally known as “shilsh Elzallouh”. It has been extensively used in the traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac and for the treatment of sexual impotence. Crude extracts and isolated compounds of ferula hermonis contain phytoestrogenic substances having a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties including anti-osteoporosis, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal, anti-cancer and as sexual activity enhancer. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the traditional and novel applications of this plant’s extracts and its major sesquiterpene ester, ferutinin. The phytochemical constituents and the pharmacological uses of ferula hermonis crude extract and ferutinin specifically will be discussed.

Materials technology: Innovations and progress

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Lucy Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
New Material ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Novel Applications

Materials technology is a constantly evolving discipline, with new materials leading to novel applications. For example, new material properties arise from combining different materials into composites. Researching materials can help solve societal challenges, with the creation of innovative materials resulting in breakthroughs in overcoming hurdles facing humankind, including energy challenges and medical problems. Innovative materials breathe new life into industries and spur on scientific and technological discovery.

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Charenya Anandan ◽  
Joseph Jankovic
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Novel Applications

Since its initial approval in 1989 by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of blepharospasm and other facial spasms, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has evolved into a therapeutic modality for a variety of neurological and non-neurological disorders. With respect to neurologic movement disorders, BoNT has been reported to be effective for the treatment of dystonia, bruxism, tremors, tics, myoclonus, restless legs syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and a variety of symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease. More recently, research with BoNT has expanded beyond its use as a powerful muscle relaxant and a peripherally active drug to its potential central nervous system applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Although BoNT is the most potent biologic toxin, when it is administered by knowledgeable and experienced clinicians, it is one of the safest therapeutic agents in clinical use. The primary aim of this article is to provide an update on recent advances in BoNT research with a focus on novel applications in the treatment of movement disorders. This comprehensive review of the literature provides a critical review of evidence-based clinical trials and highlights recent innovative pilot studies.

scholarly journals Imaging coronary plaques using 3D motion-compensated [18F]NaF PET/MR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Mayer ◽  
Thomas-Heinrich Wurster ◽  
Tobias Schaeffter ◽  
Ulf Landmesser ◽  
Andreas Morguet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Correction ◽  
Free Breathing ◽  
Cardiac Motion ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Background Ratio ◽  
Motion Models ◽  
Physiological Motion ◽  
Atherosclerosis Imaging ◽  
Novel Applications

Abstract Background Cardiac PET has recently found novel applications in coronary atherosclerosis imaging using [18F]NaF as a radiotracer, highlighting vulnerable plaques. However, the resulting uptakes are relatively small, and cardiac motion and respiration-induced movement of the heart can impair the reconstructed images due to motion blurring and attenuation correction mismatches. This study aimed to apply an MR-based motion compensation framework to [18F]NaF data yielding high-resolution motion-compensated PET and MR images. Methods Free-breathing 3-dimensional Dixon MR data were acquired, retrospectively binned into multiple respiratory and cardiac motion states, and split into fat and water fraction using a model-based reconstruction framework. From the dynamic MR reconstructions, both a non-rigid cardiorespiratory motion model and a motion-resolved attenuation map were generated and applied to the PET data to improve image quality. The approach was tested in 10 patients and focal tracer hotspots were evaluated concerning their target-to-background ratio, contrast-to-background ratio, and their diameter. Results MR-based motion models were successfully applied to compensate for physiological motion in both PET and MR. Target-to-background ratios of identified plaques improved by 7 ± 7%, contrast-to-background ratios by 26 ± 38%, and the plaque diameter decreased by −22 ± 18%. MR-based dynamic attenuation correction strongly reduced attenuation correction artefacts and was not affected by stent-related signal voids in the underlying MR reconstructions. Conclusions The MR-based motion correction framework presented here can improve the target-to-background, contrast-to-background, and width of focal tracer hotspots in the coronary system. The dynamic attenuation correction could effectively mitigate the risk of attenuation correction artefacts in the coronaries at the lung-soft tissue boundary. In combination, this could enable a more reproducible and reliable plaque localisation.

scholarly journals Editorial on Special Issue “Modern Applications in Optics and Photonics: From Sensing and Analytics to Communication”

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Lourdes S. M. Alwis ◽  
Kort Bremer ◽  
Bernhard Roth
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Biomedical Imaging ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Novel Applications

Optics and photonics are among the key technologies of the 21st century and offer the potential for novel applications in areas as diverse as sensing and spectroscopy, analytics, monitoring, biomedical imaging and diagnostics, as well as optical communication technology, among others [...]

scholarly journals Semi-analytical static analysis of nonlocal strain gradient laminated composite nanoplates in hygrothermal environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Tocci Monaco ◽  
Nicholas Fantuzzi ◽  
Francesco Fabbrocino ◽  
Raimondo Luciano
Keyword(s):  
Thin Plate ◽  
Strain Gradient ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Equilibrium Equations ◽  
Thin Plate Theory ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
Hygrothermal Environment ◽  
Load Types ◽  
Novel Applications

AbstractIn this work, the bending behavior of nanoplates subjected to both sinusoidal and uniform loads in hygrothermal environment is investigated. The present plate theory is based on the classical laminated thin plate theory with strain gradient effect to take into account the nonlocality present in the nanostructures. The equilibrium equations have been carried out by using the principle of virtual works and a system of partial differential equations of the sixth order has been carried out, in contrast to the classical thin plate theory system of the fourth order. The solution has been obtained using a trigonometric expansion (e.g., Navier method) which is applicable to simply supported boundary conditions and limited lamination schemes. The solution is exact for sinusoidal loads; nevertheless, convergence has to be proved for other load types such as the uniform one. Both the effect of the hygrothermal loads and lamination schemes (cross-ply and angle-ply nanoplates) on the bending behavior of thin nanoplates are studied. Results are reported in dimensionless form and validity of the present methodology has been proven, when possible, by comparing the results to the ones from the literature (available only for cross-ply laminates). Novel applications are shown both for cross- and angle-ply laminated which can be considered for further developments in the same topic.

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