Recovery of Perennial Vegetation in Military Maneuver Areas

1983 ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl W. Lathrop
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Vegetation

scholarly journals Some characteristics of soil and perennial vegetation in northern Mojave Desert areas of the Nevada Test Site

1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Romney ◽  
V.Q. Hale ◽  
A. Wallace ◽  
O.R. Lunt ◽  
J.D. Childress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mojave Desert ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Desert Areas

Accumulation of soil carbon under zero tillage cropping and perennial vegetation on the Liverpool Plains, eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Young ◽  
B. Wilson ◽  
S. Harden ◽  
A. Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Semi Arid

Australian agriculture contributes an estimated 16% of all national greenhouse gas emissions, and considerable attention is now focused on management approaches that reduce net emissions. One area of potential is the modification of cropping practices to increase soil carbon storage. Here, we report short–medium term changes in soil carbon under zero tillage cropping systems and perennial vegetation, both in a replicated field experiment and on nearby farmers’ paddocks, on carbon-depleted Black Vertosols in the upper Liverpool Plains catchment. Soil organic carbon stocks (CS) remained unchanged under both zero tillage long fallow wheat–sorghum rotations and zero tillage continuous winter cereal in a replicated field experiment from 1994 to 2000. There was some evidence of accumulation of CS under intensive (>1 crop/year) zero tillage response cropping. There was significant accumulation of CS (~0.35 Mg/ha.year) under 3 types of perennial pasture, despite removal of aerial biomass with each harvest. Significant accumulation was detected in the 0–0.1, 0.1–0.2, and 0.2–0.4 m depth increments under lucerne and the top 2 increments under mixed pastures of lucerne and phalaris and of C3 and C4 perennial grasses. Average annual rainfall for the period of observations was 772 mm, greater than the 40-year average of 680 mm. A comparison of major attributes of cropping systems and perennial pastures showed no association between aerial biomass production and accumulation rates of CS but a positive correlation between the residence times of established plants and accumulation rates of CS. CS also remained unchanged (1998/2000–07) under zero tillage cropping on nearby farms, irrespective of paddock history before 1998/2000 (zero tillage cropping, traditional cropping, or ~10 years of sown perennial pasture). These results are consistent with previous work in Queensland and central western New South Wales suggesting that the climate (warm, semi-arid temperate, semi-arid subtropical) of much of the inland cropping country in eastern Australia is not conducive to accumulation of soil carbon under continuous cropping, although they do suggest that CS may accumulate under several years of healthy perennial pastures in rotation with zero tillage cropping.

scholarly journals Virginia and Yellow Rail autumn migration ecology: synthesis using multiple data sets

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Auriel M. V. Fournier ◽  
Doreen C. Mengel ◽  
David G. Krementz
Keyword(s):  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Multiple Data Sets ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Annual Plant Species

AbstractVirginia and Yellow Rails are among the least studied birds in North America, and there is a specific lack of information about their autumn migration ecology and migratory habitat use. We conducted nocturnal surveys across 11 public wetlands in Missouri, USA from 2012-2016, and compared the timing of autumn migration from our surveys with three opportunistic datasets: 1) eBird records, 2) building strikes, and 3) state ornithological records. The observed timing (start and end date and duration) of Virginia Rail autumn migration varied between the opportunistic data and our surveys. Virginia Rail opportunistic data were bimodal, while our surveys had a single peak the second week in October. Yellow Rail autumn migration through Missouri peaked earlier in our surveys than opportunistic datasets which peaked during the second week in October. Both rails were found in moist soil habitats, however Virginia Rails selected perennial vegetation more than was available, while Yellow Rails selected annual plant species. Both species showed no selection for water depth and used shallow flooded wetlands. Understanding the autumn migration period and habitat requirements will allow wetland managers to better manage lands for autumn migrating Virginia and Yellow Rails.

Reduction of Food Intake and Other Physiological Responses to a Restriction of Drinking Water in Captive Wild Rabbits, Oryctolagus Cuniculus (L.).

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
Response To Water

Rabbits given an excess of air-dry food but only small amounts of drinking water had a lower food intake and lost more weight than those given food and water freely. They lost weight because they had less digesta in the gut and less water in the skin, and had catabolized more tissue. Their response to water shortage was similar to that seen in other grazing mammals. With low food intake, gut contents fell and the digestibility of food rose, while the daily mass of and water loss in faeces fell; the moisture content in faeces remaining the same. Dehydrated rabbits produced relatively small amounts of urine, up to 1.9 M urea, which was twice as concentrated as that of rabbits given water freely. The rabbits were not able to reduce their requirement for water to less than 55% of their total intake of food and water. As pasture species in mediterranean-type environments become relatively dry in summer and contain only 10 to 5% water, a shortage of water in natural pastures in those areas may, therefore, limit the amount of food which rabbits can use, and the ability of rabbits to survive in summer would, therefore, depend upon the availability of succulent, drought-resistant perennial vegetation.

scholarly journals Prologue: Amending agricultural water use to maintain production while affording environmental protection through control of outflow

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Dunin ◽  
John Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Dryland Salinity ◽  
Agricultural Water Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Hydrological Effects

The long-standing debate about the problem of dryland salinity in Australia has been increasingly well informed. We chart here the deepening understanding of the processes involved in how plants use water and what this means for flows in the regolith, from the introduction of the idea of the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum 50 years ago, through the comparative patterns of water use by annual and perennial vegetation and the variety of their hydrological effects in different landscapes, to the realisation, as demonstrated by many of the papers in this special issue of AJAR, that the era of unviable simplistic solutions to dryland salinity is behind us. The mood now is one of cautious optimism that we will be able to develop a wide range of options for maintaining economically viable farming systems that protect the environment by controlling outflow well enough to arrest the spread of dryland salinity.

scholarly journals Preferences of sheep, when supplemented, for forages in a Mediterranean rangeland management system

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Raed Al-Tabini ◽  
Derek W. Bailey ◽  
Khalid Al-Khalidi ◽  
Mostafa Shodiafat
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Rangeland Restoration ◽  
Perennial Vegetation ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Herbaceous Perennial ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Most rangelands in Jordan are degraded and contain almost no perennial vegetation. A study was conducted near Tal alRumman, Jordan to evaluate grazing behaviour of sheep under typical sheep management conditions where supplemental barley provides the majority of the intake by sheep. The objectives were to determine if sheep preferred herbaceous or woody vegetation and to evaluate a management system that utilises limited areas of ungrazed perennial vegetation in expanses of heavily-grazed and severely-degraded rangeland. Twenty-five Awassi ewes were placed in three 0.1-ha paddocks of ungrazed native rangeland for 2.5 h each day for 3 consecutive days and observed. The three paddocks were grazed for 9 days during each of four seasons: winter, spring, summer and autumn. Sheep were herded to and from the experimental paddocks in the morning and were fed 0.5 kg of barley in the evening. Virtually all grazing occurred in the experimental paddocks because rangeland areas where sheep were housed were severely degraded and contained very little herbage (<40 kg DM ha–1). Herbage mass of herbaceous perennial vegetation in the study area averaged 165 kg DM ha–1 and potentially edible portions (leaves and twigs) of shrubs averaged 82 kg DM ha–1. Sheep spent more time (P < 0.05) grazing than browsing, chewing, standing or ruminating during all seasons. Sheep spent most of their time grazing during the first hour of grazing, and then the time spent grazing declined (P < 0.05) and time standing and ruminating tended to increase near the end of the 2.5-h grazing period. Under typical management in Jordan where sheep are supplemented with barley, sheep clearly preferred herbaceous vegetation over shrubs. To meet sheep preferences, rangeland restoration efforts in Jordan should focus on establishment of mixes of grasses, forbs and shrubs rather than planting only shrubs. This study suggests that allowing sheep access to perennial vegetation for 2–3 h per day can potentially extend the grazing period of limited areas of restored rangeland while providing sheep sufficient time to complete a grazing bout.

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