Three-Dimensional Computer Reconstructions of Catecholaminergic Neuronal Populations in Man

1985 ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight C. German ◽  
Brandy S. Walker ◽  
Kathy McDermott ◽  
Wade K. Smith ◽  
Daniel S. Schlusselberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuronal Populations

Three-Dimensional Computer Reconstructions of Catecholaminergic Neuronal Populations in Man

1985 ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
Dwight C. German ◽  
Brandy S. Walker ◽  
Kathy Mcdermott ◽  
Wade K. Smith ◽  
Daniel S. Schlusselberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuronal Populations

scholarly journals Layer-By-Layer: The Case for 3D Bioprinting Neurons to Create Patient-Specific Epilepsy Models

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Antill-O’Brien ◽  
Justin Bourke ◽  
Cathal D. O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Epilepsy Models ◽  
Ink Formulation

The ability to create three-dimensional (3D) models of brain tissue from patient-derived cells, would open new possibilities in studying the neuropathology of disorders such as epilepsy and schizophrenia. While organoid culture has provided impressive examples of patient-specific models, the generation of organised 3D structures remains a challenge. 3D bioprinting is a rapidly developing technology where living cells, encapsulated in suitable bioink matrices, are printed to form 3D structures. 3D bioprinting may provide the capability to organise neuronal populations in 3D, through layer-by-layer deposition, and thereby recapitulate the complexity of neural tissue. However, printing neuron cells raises particular challenges since the biomaterial environment must be of appropriate softness to allow for the neurite extension, properties which are anathema to building self-supporting 3D structures. Here, we review the topic of 3D bioprinting of neurons, including critical discussions of hardware and bio-ink formulation requirements.

scholarly journals Encoding of Naturalistic Optic Flow by a Population of Blowfly Motion-Sensitive Neurons

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 1602-1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karmeier ◽  
J. H. van Hateren ◽  
R. Kern ◽  
M. Egelhaaf
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Free Flight ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Self Motion

In sensory systems information is encoded by the activity of populations of neurons. To analyze the coding properties of neuronal populations sensory stimuli have usually been used that were much simpler than those encountered in real life. It has been possible only recently to stimulate visual interneurons of the blowfly with naturalistic visual stimuli reconstructed from eye movements measured during free flight. Therefore we now investigate with naturalistic optic flow the coding properties of a small neuronal population of identified visual interneurons in the blowfly, the so-called VS and HS neurons. These neurons are motion sensitive and directionally selective and are assumed to extract information about the animal's self-motion from optic flow. We could show that neuronal responses of VS and HS neurons are mainly shaped by the characteristic dynamical properties of the fly's saccadic flight and gaze strategy. Individual neurons encode information about both the rotational and the translational components of the animal's self-motion. Thus the information carried by individual neurons is ambiguous. The ambiguities can be reduced by considering neuronal population activity. The joint responses of different subpopulations of VS and HS neurons can provide unambiguous information about the three rotational and the three translational components of the animal's self-motion and also, indirectly, about the three-dimensional layout of the environment.

scholarly journals Accurate spike estimation from noisy calcium signals for ultrafast three-dimensional imaging of large neuronal populations in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Deneux ◽  
Attila Kaszas ◽  
Gergely Szalay ◽  
Gergely Katona ◽  
Tamás Lakner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Calcium Signals ◽  
Three Dimensional Imaging ◽  
Neuronal Populations

Pitfalls in the dipolar model for the neocortical EEG sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge J. Riera ◽  
Takeshi Ogawa ◽  
Takakuni Goto ◽  
Akira Sumiyoshi ◽  
Hiroi Nonaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Barrel Field ◽  
Electrophysiological Recordings ◽  
Equivalent Dipole ◽  
Inverse Solutions ◽  
Mesoscopic Level ◽  
Primary Current ◽  
Dipolar Model

For about six decades, primary current sources of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been assumed dipolar in nature. In this study, we used electrophysiological recordings from anesthetized Wistar rats undergoing repeated whisker deflections to revise the biophysical foundations of the EEG dipolar model. In a first experiment, we performed three-dimensional recordings of extracellular potentials from a large portion of the barrel field to estimate intracortical multipolar moments generated either by single spiking neurons (i.e., pyramidal cells, PC; spiny stellate cells, SS) or by populations of them while experiencing synchronized postsynaptic potentials. As expected, backpropagating spikes along PC dendrites caused dipolar field components larger in the direction perpendicular to the cortical surface (49.7 ± 22.0 nA·mm). In agreement with the fact that SS cells have “close-field” configurations, their dipolar moment at any direction was negligible. Surprisingly, monopolar field components were detectable both at the level of single units (i.e., −11.7 ± 3.4 nA for PC) and at the mesoscopic level of mixed neuronal populations receiving extended synaptic inputs within either a cortical column (−0.44 ± 0.20 μA) or a 2.5-m3-voxel volume (−3.32 ± 1.20 μA). To evaluate the relationship between the macroscopically defined EEG equivalent dipole and the mesoscopic intracortical multipolar moments, we performed concurrent recordings of high-resolution skull EEG and laminar local field potentials. From this second experiment, we estimated the time-varying EEG equivalent dipole for the entire barrel field using either a multiple dipole fitting or a distributed type of EEG inverse solution. We demonstrated that mesoscopic multipolar components are altogether absorbed by any equivalent dipole in both types of inverse solutions. We conclude that the primary current sources of the EEG in the neocortex of rodents are not precisely represented by a single equivalent dipole and that the existence of monopolar components must be also considered at the mesoscopic level.

Three-dimensional computer reconstruction of midbrain dopaminergic neuronal populations: From mouse to man

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. German ◽  
D. S. Schlusselberg ◽  
D. J. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Reconstruction ◽  
Neuronal Populations
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