Amino Acid Intake During Lactation and Amino Acids of Plasma and Human Milk

Abstract Objectives 1) to estimate the probability of inadequate amino acid intake among infants 9–10 months of age in rural Malawi 2) to evaluate whether dietary amino acid intake or protein quality are associated with length gain from 6 to 12 months of age Methods We assessed total amino acid intake from breast milk and complementary foods in 285 infants. Breast milk intake and complementary foods were estimated using dose-to-mother deuterium oxide dilution method and repeat 4-pass interactive 24-hour recall interviews, respectively. Amino acid composition values were taken from FAO human milk profile, Tanzania Food Composition table and International Minilist. Protein quality was estimated using Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS). Probability of intake below Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for each amino acid was estimated using National Cancer Institute (NCI) method. We estimated protein quality of complementary food using median DIAAS. We assumed a DIAAS of ≥0.75 to represent a diet or food with good protein quality. Relationships between amino acid intake or protein quality with length gain were assessed using regression models. Length was measured at 6 and 12 months of age and length for age z-score (LAZ) velocity was calculated (ΔLAZ/months). Results The probability of inadequate amino acid intake from breast milk and complementary food that included a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) was 3% for lysine, 0% for tryptophan, threonine, valine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, sulfur containing amino acids (SAA), and aromatic amino acids (AAA). Without LNS, the probability was 7% for lysine and 0–2% for the other amino acids. The median (interquartile range) DIAAS for complementary food with and without LNS was 0.70 (0.28) and 0.64 (0.32), respectively. Dietary amino acid intake and protein quality were not significantly associated with length gain velocity from 6 to 12 months even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions The prevalence of inadequate amino acid intake in 9–10 months old infants in rural Malawi is very low. However, in conditions of frequent clinical or sub-clinical infections this situation may be different. Linear growth at 6–12 months does not appear to be limited by dietary amino acid intake or protein quality in this setting. Funding Sources The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Patterns of amino acid intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality, independently of the sources of protein

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyz194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 312-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marion Tharrey ◽

Francois Mariotti ◽

Andrew Mashchak ◽

Pierre Barbillon ◽

Maud Delattre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Mortality ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Strong Association ◽

Health Study ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Indispensable Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid Intake ◽

Cvd Mortality

Abstract Background The intake of specific amino acids (AA) has been associated with cardiovascular health, but amino acids are consumed together as dietary protein. Here we investigated the association between identified patterns of amino acid intake and cardiovascular mortality. Methods A total of 2216 cardiovascular deaths among 79 838 men and women from the Adventist Health Study-2 were included in our analysis. Baseline dietary patterns based on the participants' amino acids intakes were derived by factor analysis. Using Cox regression analyses, we estimated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and other dietary components. Results Three patterns of amino acids were identified. Factor 1 was positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality [hazard ratio (HR)Q5-Q1: 1.62, 98.75% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 2.28; P-trend <0.001]; and Factors 2 and 3 were inversely associated with CVD mortality (HR Q5-Q1 Factor 2: 0.74, 98.75% CI: 0.53, 1.04; P-trend <0.01 and HR Q5-Q1 Factor 3: 0.65, 98.75% CI: 0.44, 0.95; P-trend <0.05]. The associations with Factor 1 (with high loadings on indispensable amino acids such as branched chain amino acids, lysine, methionine) and Factor 3 (with high loadings on non-indispensable amino acids, namely arginine, glycine, aspartate+asparagine) remained significant after further adjustment for nutrient intake and for the five protein source patterns identified previously (HR Q5-Q1: 1.56 (0.99, 2.45) and 0.55 (0.35, 0.85); P-trends < 0.01). Conclusions Indispensable AA have a positive and some non-indispensable AA have a negative, independent, strong association with the risk of cardiovascular mortality.

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Amino Acid Intake of Chickens: Effects of Feeding Excess Amino Acids

Poultry Science ◽

10.3382/ps.0521981 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 1981-1983 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E.J. Robel

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Amino Acid Intake

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Effect of diet on amino acid composition of soft faeces and the contribution of soft faeces to total amino acid intake, through caecotrophy in lactating doe rabbits

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800051201 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 167-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. Nicodemus ◽

J. Mateos ◽

J. C. de Blas ◽

R. Carabaño ◽

M. J. Fraga

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

New Zealand ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Glutamic Acid ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Total Amino Acid ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Amino Acid Intake ◽

Limiting Amino Acids ◽

Average Contribution

AbstractTwenty-five New Zealand White × Californian lactating doe rabbits were used to study the effect of different dietary fibre concentrations on the amino acid contribution of soft faeces to the total amino acid intake. Five isoenergetic diets containing 312, 334, 360, 384, and 412 g/kg neutral-detergent fibre (DM basis) were formulated. All diets were designed to maintain the same amino acid pattern. Soft faeces production showed a trend to increase (P = 0·07) as dietary fibre increased. The content of isoleucine (P < 0·01), glutamic acid, leucine and alanine (P < 0·05) in soft faeces decreased as the dietary fibre increased. A trend to decrease with the increase of dietary fibre was also observed for aspartic acid (P = 0·06), lysine (P = 0·07), methionine and valine (P = 0·1). As a consequence, the soft faeces contribution to the total intake of individual amino acids did not vary with the type of diet. The average contribution of soft faeces to the total amino acid intake for the most limiting amino acids of lactating doe rabbits under practical conditions, methionine, threonine and lysine, were 0·17 , 0·21 and 0·18 g/g, respectively.

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Amino acid variability, tradeoffs and optimality in human diet

10.1101/2021.06.16.448627 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ziwei Dai ◽

Jason W Locasale

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Human Food ◽

Acid Intake ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Amino Acid Variability ◽

Amino Acid Intake

While the quality of fat (e.g. saturated/unsaturated) and carbohydrate (e.g. whole grain/simple sugars) intake has been of great interest, less attention has been made to the type of protein and resulting amino acid intake profiles in human diets. Studies at the molecular level however demonstrate that dietary amino acid intake produces substantial effects on health and disease such as cancer by modulating metabolism. How these effects may manifest in human food consumption and dietary patterns is unknown. We developed a series of algorithms to map, characterize and model the landscape of amino acid content in human food, dietary patterns, and individual consumption including relations to health status, covering over 2,000 foods, ten dietary patterns, and over 30,000 dietary records. We found that the type of amino acids contained in foods and human consumption is highly dynamic with variability far exceeding that of fat and carbohydrate. Some amino acids positively associate with diseases such as obesity while others contained in the same food negatively link to disease. Using linear programming and machine learning, we show that these health trade-offs among can be accounted to satisfy biochemical constraints in food and human eating patterns to construct a Pareto front in dietary practice, a means of achieving optimality in the face of tradeoffs that are commonly considered in economic and evolutionary theories. Thus this study may enable the design of human protein quality intake guidelines based on a quantitative framework.

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