Community Respiratory Viral Infections: An Overlooked Cause of Morbidity and Mortality in Transplant Recipients

2001 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Núria Rabella
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

scholarly journals Respiratory viral infections in the elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 175346662199505
Author(s):  
Alastair Watson ◽  
Tom M. A. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Prolonged Hospital

With the global over 60-year-old population predicted to more than double over the next 35 years, caring for this aging population has become a major global healthcare challenge. In 2016 there were over 1 million deaths in >70 year olds due to lower respiratory tract infections; 13–31% of these have been reported to be caused by viruses. Since then, there has been a global COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused over 2.3 million deaths so far; increased age has been shown to be the biggest risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Thus, the burden of respiratory viral infections in the elderly is becoming an increasing unmet clinical need. Particular challenges are faced due to the interplay of a variety of factors including complex multimorbidities, decreased physiological reserve and an aging immune system. Moreover, their atypical presentation of symptoms may lead to delayed necessary care, prescription of additional drugs and prolonged hospital stay. This leads to morbidity and mortality and further nosocomial spread. Clinicians currently have limited access to sensitive detection methods. Furthermore, a lack of effective antiviral treatments means there is little incentive to diagnose and record specific non-COVID-19 viral infections. To meet this unmet clinical need, it is first essential to fully understand the burden of respiratory viruses in the elderly. Doing this through prospective screening research studies for all respiratory viruses will help guide preventative policies and clinical trials for emerging therapeutics. The implementation of multiplex point-of-care diagnostics as a mainstay in all healthcare settings will be essential to understand the burden of respiratory viruses, diagnose patients and monitor outbreaks. The further development of novel targeted vaccinations as well as anti-viral therapeutics and new ways to augment the aging immune system is now also essential. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

scholarly journals Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating non-influenza respiratory viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Apostolopoulou ◽  
Cornelius J Clancy ◽  
Abigail Skeel ◽  
M Hong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Pulmonary Aspergillosis ◽  
Small Bowel Transplant ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Abstract Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is increasingly recognized as a complication of severe influenza and coronavirus disease-2019. The extent to which other respiratory viral infections (RVIs) predispose to IPA is unclear. We performed a retrospective review of IPA occurring within 90-days of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza or adenovirus infections (non-influenza respiratory viral infections; NI-RVI) in patients who underwent solid organ transplant between 1/15/2011 and 12/19/2017. At median post-transplant follow-up of 43.4 months, 221 of 2986 patients (7.4%) developed 255 RSV, parainfluenza or adenovirus infections. IPA complicating these NI-RVIs was exclusively observed in lung and small bowel transplant recipients, in whom incidence was 5% and 33%, respectively. Cumulative prednisone doses >140 mg within 7 days and pneumonia at time of NI-RVI were independent risk factors for IPA (odds ratios: 22.6 (4.5-112) and 7.2 (1.6-31.7), respectively). Mortality at 180-days following NI-RVI was 27% and 7% among patients with and without IPA, respectively (p=0.04). In conclusion, IPA can complicate RSV, parainfluenza and adenovirus infection in lung and small bowel transplant recipients. Future research is needed on the epidemiology of IPA complicating various RVIs. In the interim, physicians should be aware of this complication.

Community-Acquired Respiratory Viral Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single Season Cohort Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1530-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Gottlieb ◽  
Thomas F. Schulz ◽  
Tobias Welte ◽  
Thomas Fuehner ◽  
Martin Dierich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients

Respiratory Viral Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients: Radiologic Findings with Clinical Correlation

Radiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D. Matar ◽  
H. Page McAdams ◽  
Scott M. Palmer ◽  
David N. Howell ◽  
Nancy G. Henshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Transplant ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Lung Transplant Recipients
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