The Neutralization Epitopes on the Spike Protein of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and their Antigenic Variation

1987 ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. M. Niesters ◽  
J. G. Kusters ◽  
J. A. Lenstra ◽  
W. J. M. Spaan ◽  
M. C. Horzined ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

Variation in the spike protein of the 793/B type of infectious bronchitis virus, in the field and during alternate passage in chickens and embryonated eggs

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cavanagh ◽  
Jean-Paul Picault ◽  
Richard E. Gough ◽  
Michael Hess † ◽  
Karen Mawditt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

scholarly journals Analysis of synonymous codon usage in spike protein gene of infectious bronchitis virus

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Makhija ◽  
Sachin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Codon Usage Bias ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
S Gene ◽  
S Genes

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is responsible for causing respiratory, renal, and urogenital diseases in poultry. IBV infection in poultry leads to high mortality rates in affected flocks and to severe economic losses due to a drop in egg production and a reduced gain in live weight of the broiler birds. IBV-encoded spike protein (S) is the major protective immunogen for the host. Although the functions of the S protein have been well studied, the factors shaping synonymous codon usage bias and nucleotide composition in the S gene have not been reported yet. In the present study, we analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage and effective number of codons (Nc) using the 53 IBV S genes. The major trend in codon usage variation was studied using correspondence analysis. The plot of Nc values against GC3 as well as the correlation between base composition and codon usage bias suggest that mutational pressure rather than natural selection is the main factor that determines the codon usage bias in the S gene. Interestingly, no association of aromaticity, degree of hydrophobicity, and aliphatic index was observed with the codon usage variation in IBV S genes. The study represents a comprehensive analysis of IBV S gene codon usage patterns and provides a basic understanding of the codon usage bias.

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