Juvenility and Maturity of Woody Species in New Zealand

Plant Aging ◽  
1990 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Woody Species

scholarly journals Ecology and consequences of invasion by non-native (wilding) conifers in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Duane A Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Ecosystem Impacts ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Native Woody Species ◽  
Negative Impacts

Invasion by non-native woody species into largely treeless vegetation such as grasslands and shrublands is widespread, and has prompted both research and management in response. Here I review the current situation of invasions by non-native Pinaceae, better known as ‘wilding conifers’ in New Zealand, and how both research and management are working to better understand and manage these invaders. The success of wildings is explained by a combination of history (e.g., deforestation of previously woody vegetation), biological traits of the species (rapid growth and early reproduction), and propagule pressure (introduction effort). Wildings represent a major land use change affecting about 2 million ha, including many grasslands, rare ecosystems and subalpine habitats. Wilding invasions into grasslands have profound impacts on biological diversity, but also have important ecosystem impacts including legacy effects belowground by altering nutrient cycling and soil biota. Recent expanded efforts are underway to control and co-ordinate management to avoid or mitigate the negative impacts of wilding conifers. The long-term value of managing invasions, and whether additional management interventions are needed to restore grasslands or woody vegetation is in progress, but is urgently needed given recent moves to widely establish new woody vegetation at large scales in New Zealand.

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizae of Phormium Tenax in a restored New Zealand wetland across hydrological gradients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexandra Coles
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Native Woody Species ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Generation Sequencing

<p>New Zealand has lost over 90% of its former wetlands and many that remain are in a degraded state. Restoration projects are often impeded by the failure of native plants to establish back into non-native dominated communities. Phormium tenax is fast growing and acts a nurse plant in wetlands, accelerating the establishment of slower growing native woody species. The roles of below ground organisms are increasingly recognised as affecting plant community dynamics, and this study investigates the diversity of a group of pervasive organisms, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), growing in symbiosis with Phormium tenax. Next generation sequencing was used to create two libraries to determine the sensitivity of coding and non-coding molecular markers when characterising the AMF community associated with Phormium tenax.  AMF communities colonising individual plants were found to be diverse, and varied across restoration stages, but uncorrelated with soil moisture. The composition of of AMF communities changed seasonally and I observed more AMF hyphae and arbuscules in winter.</p>

scholarly journals Are endemics functionally distinct? Leaf traits of native and exotic woody species in a New Zealand forest

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. e0196746 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mason Heberling ◽  
Norman W. H. Mason
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Traits

scholarly journals Interspecific relationships among growth, mortality and xylem traits of woody species from New Zealand

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina E. Russo ◽  
Kerry L. Jenkins ◽  
Susan K. Wiser ◽  
Maria Uriarte ◽  
Richard P. Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Interspecific Relationships

scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizae of Phormium Tenax in a restored New Zealand wetland across hydrological gradients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexandra Coles
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Native Woody Species ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Generation Sequencing

<p>New Zealand has lost over 90% of its former wetlands and many that remain are in a degraded state. Restoration projects are often impeded by the failure of native plants to establish back into non-native dominated communities. Phormium tenax is fast growing and acts a nurse plant in wetlands, accelerating the establishment of slower growing native woody species. The roles of below ground organisms are increasingly recognised as affecting plant community dynamics, and this study investigates the diversity of a group of pervasive organisms, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), growing in symbiosis with Phormium tenax. Next generation sequencing was used to create two libraries to determine the sensitivity of coding and non-coding molecular markers when characterising the AMF community associated with Phormium tenax.  AMF communities colonising individual plants were found to be diverse, and varied across restoration stages, but uncorrelated with soil moisture. The composition of of AMF communities changed seasonally and I observed more AMF hyphae and arbuscules in winter.</p>

scholarly journals Post-Fire Resprouting in New Zealand Woody Vegetation: Implications for Restoration

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Ana M. C. Teixeira ◽  
Timothy J. Curran ◽  
Paula E. Jameson ◽  
Colin D. Meurk ◽  
David A. Norton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Local Plant ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Resprouting Ability

Resprouting is an important trait that allows plants to persist after fire and is considered a key functional trait in woody plants. While resprouting is well documented in fire-prone biomes, information is scarce in non-fire-prone ecosystems, such as New Zealand (NZ) forests. Our objective was to investigate patterns of post-fire resprouting in NZ by identifying the ability of species to resprout and quantifying the resprouting rates within the local plant community. Fire occurrence is likely to increase in NZ as a consequence of climate change, and this investigation addresses an important knowledge gap needed for planning restoration actions in fire-susceptible regions. The study was conducted in two phases: (1) A detailed review of the resprouting ability of the NZ woody flora, and (2) a field study where the post-fire responses of plants were quantified. The field study was undertaken in the eastern South Island, where woody plants (>5 cm diameter at 30 cm height) were sampled in 10 plots (10x10 m), five- and 10-months post-fire. The research synthesized the resprouting ability of 73 woody species and is the first to provide extensive quantitative data on resprouting in NZ. Most of the canopy dominant species were non-resprouters, but many smaller trees and shrubs were capable of resprouting, despite their evolution in an environment with low fire frequency. Species composition and abundance were important predictors of resprouting patterns among plots, with similar communities resulting in similar resprouting responses. Resprouting capacity provides species with a competitive advantage in the post-fire recovery. We suggest that it is possible to engineer more fire resilient restoration plantings by planting higher proportions of the resprouters identified in this study. The incorporation of resprouting as a trait in restoration plans is likely to be relevant not just in NZ, but also in other non-fire-prone regions facing increases in fire frequency.

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