Operant Response Rate as a Function of Time of Day and Early Electromagnetic Exposure on Rats Tested as Adults

1992 ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Steven J. Freimark ◽  
Kurt Salzinger ◽  
Malcolm McCullough ◽  
Donald Phillips ◽  
Leo Birenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Operant Response

Measuring hunger in the pig using operant conditioning: The effect of food restriction

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Lawrence ◽  
M. C. Appleby ◽  
H. A. Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Operant Response ◽  
Large White ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractOperant conditioning techniques were used to measure the feeding motivation (hunger) of pigs restricted to the low food levels used under certain commercial conditions. Six Large White × Landrace boars were maintained in individual pens where they received their daily food allowance. Initially food was available ad libitum; subsequently boars were restricted proportionately to 0·8, 0·6 and 0·4 of their ad libitum intake in a Latin-square design. Finally boars were again offered their previously measured ad libitum intake (treatment 1·0). Hunger was measured by conditioning boars to press a panel 10 times to receive a 7-g reward of food. Operant response rates were measured over 20-min sessions during each of the treatments and at three times of day (pre-feeding, immediately post feeding and 5 h post feeding).Operant response rate was strongly affected by restricting food allowance (means: treatment 1·0, 42 panel presses; 0·8, 212; 0·6, 266; 0·4, 320). There was a signficant interaction between food allowance and time of day (P < 0·001). Treatments did not vary in response rate before feeding. Treatments 1·0 and 0·8 depressed response rate post feeding (P < 0·001) and treatment 1·0 also 5 h post feeding (P < 0·001). Response rates on treatments 0·6 and 0·4 did not vary significantly from one another or with time of day.Restricting pigs to low food levels resulted in a high level of hunger throughout the day. This was so even for food allowances that met current recommended feeding levels sufficient for maintenance and low weight gain (treatment 0·6 equivalent to 1·3 times maintenance). Commercial levels of feeding for the pig breeding population whilst meeting production needs do not satisfy feeding motivation. The hunger resulting from low food levels may act as a major source of stress under certain husbandry conditions such as tether and stall systems for dry sows, where sows are subject to both physical and food restriction.

scholarly journals Temporal Considerations for Self-Report Research Using Short Message Service

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Walsh ◽  
Jay K. Brinker
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Message Service ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
High Response Rate ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Working Day

Abstract. When using Short Message Service (SMS) as a tool for data collection in psychological research, participants can be contacted at any time. This study examined how sampling frequency and time of day of contact impacted on response rates, response completeness, and response delay in repeated measures data collected via SMS. Eighty-five undergraduate students completed a six-item self-report questionnaire via SMS, in response to 20 SMS prompts sent on a random schedule. One group responded across 2 days, the other on a compressed schedule of 1 day. Overall, there was a high response rate. There was no significant difference in response rate, completeness, and delay of those responding across 1 or 2 days. Timing between prompts did not impact on response behavior. Responses were more likely to be complete if prompts were sent during the working day. The shortest time between prompts was 15 min, however, and use of an undergraduate sample limits generalizability. When conducting repeated measures sampling using SMS, researchers should be aware that more frequent sampling can be associated with poorer data quality, and should aim to collect data during the working day rather than mornings or evenings.

scholarly journals Extinction under a behavioral microscope: Isolating the sources of decline in operant response rate

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy H.C. Cheung ◽  
Janet L. Neisewander ◽  
Federico Sanabria
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Operant Response

Preferences of Monkeys for Automatically Dispensable Rewards

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Polidora ◽  
Ira J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Operant Response ◽  
Initial Preference

Initial and long-term preferences of 6 rhesus monkeys for 14 automatically dispensable rewards were determined by paired-comparison and operant response rate procedures. Initial preference for sugar pellets, dextrose or sucrose, was at least as high as that for any other single reward studied. Reward “cocktails,” composed of mixtures of several different rewards, were preferred after several hundred rewards had been consumed. It was concluded that the paired-comparison method provided a better estimate of initial preference than did the operant response rate procedure.

Does straw reduce the hunger of pigs on restricted food allowances?

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
A.B. Lawrence ◽  
M.C. Appleby ◽  
A.W. Illius ◽  
H.A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Operant Response ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Feeding Regimes

There is increasing evidence that hunger and frustration of feeding motivation are potential sources of stress for pigs on restricted food levels such as tethered, pregnant sows. However, it is not clear what factor(s) of feeding regimes are critical in this respect. It has been suggested that the hunger of pigs on restricted food allowances may result in part from the use of concentrated foods lacking dietary bulk. This paper reports on 2 experiments conducted to examine the effect of straw as dietary bulk on hunger as measured by operant response rate.

scholarly journals International Microsurgery Club: An Effective Online Collaboration System

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 412-419
Author(s):  
Evelyn Ting-Hsuan Tang ◽  
Mei Goh ◽  
Raymond Goh ◽  
Samir M. Ghoraba ◽  
Mark Shafarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Case Discussion ◽  
Average Response Rate ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
Discussion Question

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine if International Microsurgery Club (IMC) is an effective online resource for microsurgeons worldwide, in providing an avenue for timely group discussions and advice regarding complicated cases, and an avenue for collaboration and information sharing. Methods All posts on the IMC Facebook group from member 1 to 8,000 were analyzed according to inclusion criteria and categorized into three categories—case discussion, question, and information sharing. Posts were retrospectively analyzed for number of responses, time of responses, number of “likes,” number of treatment options, time of day, and demographics of authors and responders. Results A retrospective analysis of 531 cases showed an average response rate of 75.7% within 1 hour and as membership grew. The response rate stabilized averaging between 72.5 and 78% across all times of the day. An average of 11.8 microsurgeons was involved per case discussion, and 5.7 treatment options were provided per case. Conclusion IMC is shown to be an effective resource to allow microsurgeons to access timely advice from other microsurgeons without time and distance limitation, and to have interactive group discussions on complicated cases.

Behavioral momentum in Pavlovian conditioning and the learning/performance distinction

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán I. Savastano ◽  
Ralph R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Pavlovian Conditioning ◽  
Associative Strength ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Response Probability ◽  
Behavioral Momentum ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Operant Response ◽  
Behavioral Momentum Theory ◽  
Momentum Theory

Behavioral momentum theory has evolved within the realm of operant conditioning. The thought-provoking momentum metaphor equates the strength of an operant response with its resistance to change and preference (i.e., choice) for that response over other available responses. Whereas baseline response rate (velocity in the metaphor) is assumed to be largely influenced by the response-reinforcer contingency, resistance to change and preference are assumed to reflect an intervening variable called behavioral mass, which is determined primarily by the stimulus-reinforcer relationship. This invites the question of how well the momentum metaphor applies to the stimulus-reinforcer relationships of traditional Pavlovian paradigms. Presumably, a correspondence exists between behavioral mass and the notion of associative strength in the associative learning literature. Although response rate has little meaning in the trialwise structure of classical (i.e., Pavlovian) conditioning, response probability or magnitude might be regarded metaphorically as velocity. Momentum theory suggests that resistance to change (e.g., extinction) is a better indicator of associative strength than is response probability or magnitude. Therefore, variables that strengthen Pavlovian learning should influence resistance to extinction of conditioned responding in a similar manner. Moreover, it is important to assess momentum theory outside of strictly operant paradigms, particularly because in clinical settings many common disorders (e.g., phobias) and their therapies (e.g., cue exposure) are thought to be classically conditioned.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document