Phospholipids in Cosmetics: In Vitro Technique Based on Phospholipids Membrane to Predict the in Vivo Effect of Surfactants

Phospholipids ◽  
1990 ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Gérard Redziniak
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Technique

Adrenocorticotropic activity in the rat assessed by in vivo and in vitro indices

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Van Goch ◽  
D. De Wied ◽  
E. Schönbaum
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Rat Adrenals ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Adrenal Corticosterone ◽  
Intact Rats

Several indices of adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) activity were compared in order to establish the index most suitable for assay purposes, particularly of ACTH in blood. In hypophysectomized rats, the effects of ACTH on adrenal ascorbic acid, cholesterol, and steroid formation in vitro were studied. In intact rats, the effects of formalin on these variables as well as on the adrenal and plasma corticosterone levels and hypophyseal and blood ACTH activity were measured. Adrenal corticosterone as well as steroid formation in vitro increased very rapidly after stimulation by ACTH. In hypophysectomized rats, after intravenous ACTH, significant increases were observed after 5 min. In normal rats, 3 min after the injection of formalin, significant increases of steroid formation in vitro and ACTH activity were observed. The in vitro technique is suitable for the study of changes in ACTH activity. ACTH increases the fraction of corticosterone found in the total amount of corticoid secreted by rat adrenals in vitro.

Oxygen affinity of duck blood determined by in vivo and in vitro technique

1977 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Peter Holle ◽  
Michael Meyer ◽  
Peter Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
In Vitro Technique

THE EFFECT OF PIG PITUITARY ACTH FRACTIONS ON DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF ADRENOCORTICAL ACTIVITY

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1455-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jager ◽  
J. D. H. Homan ◽  
D. de Wied
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Adrenocortical Activity ◽  
In Vivo Assays ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Separate Fraction ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Assay Methods

Purified unhydrolyzed corticotrophin was separated into five fractions by chromatography on a column of carboxymethyl cellulose, using pyridine – acetic acid as a buffer system. These fractions were biologically assayed by means of the in vitro technique of Saffran and Schally, the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion test of Sayers et al., and an assay based on the increase of plasma corticosterone levels in hypophysectomized rats. In the in vivo assays both the intravenous and subcutaneous routes of injection were applied.The principal aim of this study was to investigate for each separate fraction the extent to which the potencies according to the Sayers test correspond with the potencies obtained by the plasma corticosterone method. When comparing results found after identical routes of injection, a fair agreement was observed for those fractions showing electrophoretic relationship and together accounting for the major part of the biological activity of the starting material. However, the minor fractions showed significant differences.These findings are discussed together with the results of the classical assay methods and their deviations from data reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Use of In vitro Technique in Predicting In vivo Response of Poultry to Enzyme Supplementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed Jimoh ◽  
Job Olutimehin Atteh
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Technique ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Poultry Nutrition

The need for rapid test in evaluation of feedstuffs in poultry nutrition cannot be overemphasized. Such test must however be able to replace exactly the response in the animal concern. This study was conducted to determine the suitability of In vitro technique in predicting the In vivo response of poultry to enzyme supplemented feedstuffs. Rice husk was used in a Completely Randomized Design with individual and cocktail of enzymes for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Three exogenous enzymes namely a xylanase, a multipurpose and a phytase were used individually, pairwise and altogether with the feedstuff to constitute the treatments namely T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, and T8. Each treatment was replicated thrice for both In vitro and In vivo trials. The In vitro trial was done to simulate the chicken digestive system while the In vivo trial was done using the intubation method. Parameters measured for both trials were digestibility values for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and fiber fractions. All data collected were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance procedure and treatment means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Correlation analysis was carried out to compare the results of both trials.  Results show that enzymes individually and as cocktails significantly improved the digestibility of parameters for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Cocktails of enzymes were significantly better than the individual enzymes for dry matter and crude fiber digestibility for both In vitro and In vivo trials. Correlation analysis shows positive correlation (r=0.99, r=0.96, r=0.94, r= 0.86, r=0.78) between In vitro and In vivo trials in most of digestibility values for the rice husk. It was concluded that In vitro trial can be used as both criterion and replacement for In vivo trial when determining the efficacy of exogenous enzymes in poultry nutrition.

In vitro digestion of mixtures of grain and hay

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Clark
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
In Vitro Technique

The digestibilities of the dry matter (DDM) of 16 herbages and 22 mixtures of grain and hay of known in vivo digestibility were determined by a two-stage in vitro technique, with inocula obtained from sheep fed either hay or a diet of 70 per cent barley and 30 per cent hay; both diets contained 12 per cent crude protein. The in vitro digestions were conducted with or without the addition of ammonium sulphate. The correlations between in vivo and in vitro digestibilities were higher for the herbages and the mixtures with inoculum from sheep fed hay, than with that from sheep fed barley and hay. Adding ammonium sulphate to either inoculum lowered the in vivo-in vitro correlation for the mixtures containing grain but improved the correlation for the herbage samples. The variability between replicate in vitro determinations was not reduced by adding ammonium sulphate to the inoculum from sheep fed hay but was increased for the inoculum from sheep fed a mixture of barley and hay.

A comparison of methods for determining the digestibility of rations for sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (88) ◽  
pp. 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nik-Khah ◽  
J Beard
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Basic Procedure ◽  
In Vitro Technique

The dry matter digestibilities (DMDs) of three sheep rations, namely hay, hay and pelleted concentrates and the pellets only were determined in vivo, by an in vitro technique and four modifications to it, and by using a summative equation. The in vivo DMDs were 57.2,63.2 and 71 .1 per cent for the hay, hay and pellets, and pellets respectively. The basic in vitro two stage technique over-estimated these by 5.1, 4.8 and 6.5 units respectively. The DMDs of the modifications to the basic in vitro technique did not differ from those resulting from the basic procedure except in one instance where the in vitro DMD of hay (57.9) was significantly lower (P < 0.01). The summative equation gave values that were 3.5, 2.5 and 3.7 units greater than the in vivo DMDs.

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