Identification of Proximate Composition of Fermented Chicken Eggs by Using Lactobacillus plantarum with Different Incubation Times

Eggs that have a balanced amino acid content can fullfill protein that needs in humans, However, eggs have a low shelf life so they were easily damaged. Fermentation technology on foodstuffs by using microbes has been widely carried out, among others using Lactobacillus bacteria. The type of Lactobacillus bacteria commonly used in egg fermentation is Lactobacillus plantarum. This study was conducted experimentally by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications each. The treatment was carried out by fermentation with an incubation temperature of 37 oC with different incubation times of 0, 48, and 96 hours with research parameters water content, crude fat, crude fiber, BETN and ash content. The results showed that different incubation time treatments on fermented chicken eggs had a significant effect (P<0.05) on water content, crude fat, crude fiber, BETN and ash content. The nutritional composition of fermented eggs by using L. plantarum could be seen from the decrease in water content, crude fiber and BETN and an increase in crude fat and ash content with increasing incubation time. The value of water content, crude fat, crude fiber, BETN and optimum ash content at an incubation temperature of 37 oC for 96 hours of incubation time.

Behavior of laying chicks fed diets containing sources and levels of dietary fiber in the starter phase

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the behavior and welfare conditions of laying chicks in the starter phase, fed with diets formulated with increasing levels of crude fiber (CF) and two feedstuffs with different fiber compositions. The experiment was developed at the Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia - GO, Brazil. Three hundred Bovans White chicks were evaluated in a completely randomized design with a 2×2+1 factorial arrangement corresponding to two levels of CF in the diet (3.0 and 3.5%) and two fiber sources (wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse), plus a control treatment (maize- and soybean meal-based), totaling five treatments with six replicates of 10 birds each. Maintenance behavioral patterns and welfare were assessed at 21 and 42 days of age. There was no difference in behavior and classification by order of importance of the activities performed by the fiber-fed birds observed at 21 and 42 days, according to the Kruskal Wallis test (P>0.05). Medium and good welfare conditions were obtained with wheat bran at 3.5 and 3.0% CF, respectively, at 21 days of age. At 42 days, the use of sugarcane bagasse at the CF level of 3.5% and wheat bran at the level of 3.0%provided good behavior conditions. The use of crude fiber in the feeding of hens did not change their behavior.

Nutrient consumption and digestibility in Garut sheep fed with elephant grass and pollard bran

This study aimed to compare the nutrients consumption and digestibility between Garut rams and ewes fed with forage (elephant grass) and concentrate (pollard bran) with a ratio of 60:40 (based on the dry matter). The livestock used were 6 Garut rams and 6 Garut ewes. They were placed in metabolic cages and equipped with feces containers. This research was conducted 14 days for the adaptation period and 5 days for the collection period. During the collection period, feed, feed residue, and feces collection were carried out for analysis. The analysis consisted of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN). The data obtained were used to calculate nutrient consumption and digestibility. Based on the research, it was known that average consumption and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen-free extract (NFE), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) of Garut rams and ewes were not significantly different (P>0.05). All nutrients consumed by rams were higher than ewes, but the nutrients digestibility value in rams was lower than ewes.

Consistent Organochlorinated Pesticides (OPC) Residues Contamination in Beans Consumed in Gombe Metropolis Nigeria

Most of the locally consumed beans in our vicinity contain excess chemicals of pesticides residues which are harmful to humans and environmental hazards to ecosystem. Investigation of this study revealed contamination level of organochlorine pesticides residues in dried beans originating from Nigeria with a view to controlling them, it also studies crude fiber of beans showed that B4 has the highest fiber content, 27.85% and the order of decreasing value as B4, B5 , B1, B3 and B2. The least percentage of crude fiber was shown by B2 in all the beans samples analyzed. This study also investigated the pesticides residue components of the organochlorinated pesticides test. The presence of pesticide residues in all 14 types of organochlorine pesticides in beans is lower than a previously reported level. Despite this, the amount of organochlorine pesticides tested is more than the permitted levels of 0.01 to 0.2 mg/kg, indicating that the beans consumed in the Gombe metropolis included pesticide residues beyond the permissible limit.

Quality Attributes and Shelf-Life Estimation of Cassava Flour Incorporated Bakery Product (Biscuit)

Cassava (Manihotesculentacrantz) is not true cereals are largely grown all over the world. They are very important due to their excellent nutritional contents especially protein, crude fiber, and carbohydrates. Biscuits were prepared by mixing cassava and wheat flour. Six treatments were prepared by adding 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% cassava flour with wheat flour (Sample B, C, D, E, and F respectively) along with controlled treatment of 100% wheat flour (A). The proximate composition of flours was analyzed and prepared biscuits were subjected to sensory evaluation and shelf-life estimation. The obtained data was analyzed statistically by Genstat Discovery Edition 3 (DE3), for Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a 5% level of significance. Statistical analysis showed that sensory parameters and overall acceptability of 80 parts wheat and 20 parts cassava flour incorporated biscuit was significantly superior to all biscuits formulations. The proximate results of the best product showed that moisture content, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, total ash content, and total carbohydrate were found 3.44±0.25%, 13.80±0.33%, 8.13±0.13%, 1.29±0.19%, 2.41±0.06%, and 70.99±0.50 (g/100g) respectively. The shelf life of the best product was estimated by analyzing acid value and moisture content of the product by using three different packaging materials biaxially polypropylene (BOPP), high-density polypropylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) respectively. The shelf life of the best product (80-20) wheat and cassava flours was found to be satisfactory for 8 weeks. The projected shelf life was found high in polypropylene (PP) and high-density polypropylene (HDPE) for 13.5 and 17.81 weeks for acid value and moisture content respectively.

Penggunaan molases pada silase kulit pisang nangka (Musa paradisiaca informa typica) terhadap kandungan serat kasar dan protein kasar

The purpose of this research was to determine the used of molases as an additive in making banana jackfruit peel silage on crude fiber and crude protein. This research was conducted in Sirnaraja, Mandalasari village, Cikalongwetan district, West Bandung regency for 21 days, while the sample test carried out Balai Pengujian Mutu dan Keamanan Pakan/Bahan Pakan (BPMKP/BP) at the Cikole-Lembang. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with four treatments (P0 : banana jackfruit peel silage with 0% molases), (P1 : banana jackfruit peel silage with 1% molases), (P2 : banana jackfruit peel silage with 3% molases), (P3 : banana jackfruit peel silage with 5% molases) and five replication. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. The result show that the used of molases as an additive was significantly (P<0,05) of crude fiber and crude protein with average 8,79-31,61% and 8,79-9,55%. The used of 3% molases is the most optimal of the decrease crude fiber and increase crude protein.

Kecernaan Nutrien dan Status Fisiologis Domba Akhir Kebuntingan dengan Ransum Flushing Minyak Sawit dan Minyak Lemuru

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient digestibility and physiological status of local sheep at late pregnancy fed with flushing diet containing palm oil, lemuru oil, and their combination. In this research, the livestock used were 12 female local sheep at late pregnancy with an average body weight of 43.58 ± 5.57 kg were placed in metabolic cages. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 3 block replications. The treatments were P1 = control ration (30% grass + 70% concentrate), P2 = control ration + 6% palm oil supplementation, P3 = control ration + 3% lemuru oil and 3% palm oil supplementation, P4 = control ration + 6% lemuru oil supplementation. The feed consumption, nutrient digestibility, and physiological status were measured in this study. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA. Means values differences were analyzed using Duncan test. The results showed that the addition of palm oil and lemuru oil to the concentrate diet increased (p<0.05) crude fat consumption, dry matter digestibility, and crude fat digestibility, but decreased (p<0.05) Nitrogen free extract consumption. Addition of palm oil and lemuru oil on the concentrate diet had no significant effect on dry matter consumption, crude protein consumption, crude fiber consumption, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, Nitrogen free extract digestibility, and TDN value. The treatments did not affect significantly on physiological status. It can be concluded that the use of 6% palm oil in the ration can increase crude fat consumption and crude fat digestibility in pregnant ewes. Key words: digestibility, ewes, flushing, oil, physiological status

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Thekua Incorporated with Germinated Finger Millet (Ragi) Flour

The main aim of this study was to prepare thekua with the incorporation of germinated finger millet also known as ragi, flour and to perform its sensory as well as physicochemical analysis. The wheat flour and finger millet (ragi) flour were mixed with variation at the proportion of 87.5:12.5, 81.25:18.75, 100:0, 75:25 and 93.75:6.25 labeled as samples A, B, C, D and E respectively., while semolina (20 g), sugar (30 g), oil (20 g) and water (20 g) were kept constant for every formulation. The FFA and acid value of the oil used was found to be 0.110±0.02 and 0.221±0.03 respectively. The moisture content of sugar used was found to be 0.16±0.01. Sample ‘E’ was considered best as per the acceptability by panelists and had crude fiber (%), calcium content (mg/100g), tannin (mg/100g), phytate (mg/100g), carbohydrate and total energy (Kcal/100g) of 0.24±0.01, 18.6±0.02, 27.03±0.86, 135.97±1.15, 64.42±0.04 and 512.41±0.07 respectively. Increase in fiber content and minerals was seen in best sample product with the incorporation of germinated finger millet (ragi) flour.

Analisis Potensi Fermentasi Tepung Daun Binahong Anredera Cordifolia Dengan Metode Trial End Error Sebagai Pakan Tambahan Pada Ayam Petelur

Ayam petelur merupakan ternak yang mudah stress dan rentan terhadap penyakit. Guna mengatasi keadaan tersebut perlu dicari alternatif bahan herbal yang tidak menimbulkan residu pada telur ayam yaitu dengan memberikan pakan tambahan fermentasi tepung daun binahong. Binahong merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat meningkatkan vitalitas dan daya tahan tubuh. Kandungan fitobiotik pada tepung daun binahong (fenol 85,30 mg/kg, total flafonoid 47,40 mg/kg, saponin 66,00 mg/kg, dan alkaloid 2,60 mg/kg). Unggas yang memiliki sistem pencernaan tunggal kurang baik dalam mencerna pakan berserat kasar tinggi. Kebutuhan serat kasar pada ayam petelur maksimal 7% maka, dilakukan analisis manfaat fermentasi menggunakan EM4. Dalam penelitian terdahulu menyebutkan bahwa EM4 menghasilkan sejumlah besar enzim mencerna serat kasar seperti selulase dan mannase. Keuntungan Lactobacillus dalam EM4 dalam mencerna serat kasar adalah karena bakteri tidak menghasilkan serat kasar dalam aktivitasnya, sehingga mereka lebih efektif dalam menurunkan serat kasar. Fermentasi dapat meningkatkan nilai gizi dan juga palatabilitas. Pemberian pakan tambahan fermentasi tepung daun binahong sebagai feed adiktif memiliki potensi terhadap peningkatkan sistem imun sehingga ayam sehat, maka produksi telur akan meningkat dan stabil. Laying hens are animals that are easily stressed and susceptible to disease. In order to overcome this situation, it is necessary to find alternative herbal ingredients that do not cause residues in chicken eggs, namely by providing additional feed with fermented binahong leaf flour. Binahong is one of the plants that can increase vitality and endurance. Phytobiotic content in binahong leaf flour (phenol 85.30 mg/kg, total flavonoids 47.40 mg/kg, saponins 66.00 mg/kg, and alkaloids 2.60 mg/kg). Poultry that has a single digestive system is not good at digesting high crude fiber feed. The need for crude fiber in laying hens is a maximum of 7%, so an analysis of the benefits of fermentation using EM4 was carried out. In previous studies, it was stated that EM4 produces a large number of enzymes digesting crude fiber such as cellulase and mannase. The advantage of Lactobacillus in EM4 in digesting crude fiber is that bacteria do not produce crude fiber in their activity, so they are more effective in reducing crude fiber. Fermentation can increase nutritional value and also palatability. The addition of fermented binahong leaf flour feed as an addictive feed has the potential to increase the immune system so that chickens are healthy, so egg production will increase and be stable.

Physical and Organoleptic Qualities of Milk-Based Caramel with Variations in Addition of Pineapple Fruit (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.)

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical and organoleptic qualities of milk-based caramel with variations in the use of pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.). The design of this study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The tested treatments include milk-based caramel, which was processed with pineapple juice at T0=0%; T1=5%; T2=10%; T3=15%; T4=20%. The research variables included physical quality testing consisting of water content and crude fiber content, further testing of texture, color, and panelists' preference as organoleptic parameters tested using sensory tests. The observations obtained will be processed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a level of 5% and will be further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if it shows a significant effect. Based on the results of analysis of variance (ANOVA), the variation in various treatments with the addition of pineapple fruit in the milk-based caramel processing showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the physical quality of caramel (crude fiber content and water content) and organoleptic quality (texture, color), and preference) on milk-based caramel products. The percentage of crude fiber content is 0.35%-4.50%; moisture content 10.15%-15.63%; texture score is hard to not hard; the color score is light brown to brown and liking score is slightly like to like. The conclusion of this research was the addition of pineapple affects crude fiber content, milk caramel water content, texture, color, and milk caramel preference.