Justifying ISD Knowledge Claims

2004 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Mike Metcalfe
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Claims

scholarly journals Paying inattention: The art of ignoring others' work among Russian social scientists

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Critical Sociology ◽  
First Order ◽  
Science Approach ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Knowledge Claims

Why do scholars pay attention to some works, and recognize the influence of their authors, but not others? The Mertonian approach suggests that scholars search for information instrumental in producing their knowledge claims and reward authors for making important contributions. The critical sociology of science approach explains recognition (e.g. in the form of citing) as rhetorical practices that strengthen one’s credibility. Both models fail to explain why academics sometimes ignore apparently relevant sources or how groups of scholars turn into bubbles, censoring information about findings made outside of them. According to the theoretical model suggested in this paper, what governs information search is not first-order relevance (what individual academics considers relevant), but second-order awareness (what they know their audiences are aware of). In this model, the search for information is mostly governed by the necessity to make successful claims of novelty – to present findings that are new to one’s audience. Individuals easily disregard findings their audiences are unaware of. Institutionally organized audiences thus serve as enforcers of information search, and their members may tacitly collaborate in maintaining unawareness of intellectual developments outside of their common attention space In the empirical part of the paper, we use the example of post-Soviet sociology to test the predictions following from this model: (1) that scarcity of enforcement results in an overall shrinking of individuals’ attention spaces, and in their attaining idiosyncratic configurations; (2) that when borders of audiences cross-cut legitimate classifications, attention spaces are shaped by the former, rather than the latter; (3) that as a reaction to such cross-cutting, new classifications are introduced, legitimizing existing inattention.

scholarly journals Knowing and Not Knowing about Fertility: Childless Women and Age-Related Fertility Decline

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
Lauren Jade Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Childless Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Reproductive Decision Making ◽  
Biomedical Diagnostics ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Knowledge Claims

Knowledge claims may play an essential role in reproductive decision-making, as individuals seek out, assess, reject, and use information about health and fertility gathered from numerous sources. This paper focuses specifically on childless women’s self-perceptions of knowledge about infertility and age-related fertility decline. How knowledgeable do childless women perceive themselves to be about fertility and infertility in general, and from where they do they obtain this knowledge? Furthermore, how knowledgeable do childless women perceive themselves to be about their own fertility and ability to conceive, and to what do they attribute this knowledge? Data for this project was gathered through semi-structured interviews with 72 childless American women; the interviews were inductively and thematically coded using qualitative-analysis software. Childless women assessed their general knowledge of fertility as confident, self-doubting, or novices, and they claimed multiple sources as the basis of this knowledge, including formal education and training, media and popular culture, and family members and peers. When assessing knowledge about their own fecundity, the women tended to rely on two additional sources: biomedical diagnostics and embodied knowledge. Childless women’s awareness of average statistics of age-related fertility decline did not necessarily translate to individual self-knowledge about their own bodies and fecundity. Because knowledge claims were based on multiple information sources given unequal weight, this raises questions about authoritative knowledge—that is, the knowledge that “counts” for women as they make decisions regarding their future childbearing.

scholarly journals ‘New History—the New Ways of Knowing and Remembering the Caucasus in Poland’

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-40
Author(s):  
Justyna Pierzynska
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Symbolic Politics ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Visual Dimension ◽  
Knowledge Claims ◽  
Peripheral Regions

Abstract This paper aims to reconstruct the knowledge claims and memory politics in Polish public discourse about the Caucasus. As it highlights the importance of history and a production of a ‘New History’ for political use, it illuminates the role of the visual dimension in the symbolic politics of memory in Poland. The special example of the Caucasus, particularly the places of Georgia and Russia, serves to show how peripheral regions can gain prominence in the knowledge struggles and strategies of self-representation and othering of particular nations, regions and states on the geopolitical plane.

Knowledge Claims and Landscape: Alternative Views of the Fuelwood—Degradation Nexus in Northern Nigeria

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Cline-Cole
Keyword(s):  
Social Groups ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Virtual Realities ◽  
Technologies Of Representation ◽  
The One ◽  
Knowledge Claims

The existence of competing or contradictory orthodoxies in Nigerian forestry is a long recognised, if little explored research problem. Far from being the product of a monolithic culture, regional forestry, or, more inclusively agrosilvipastoral landscapes and fuelscapes, are social products which have been described as often construed in a plurality of ways and invested with diverse if not antithetical meanings by different individuals and social groups. They represent sites of contestation and cooperation for human agents and state agencies engaged in constructing, maintaining and modifying woodfuel and other forestry-related discourses. The author juxtaposes several such contests, their meanings, and the discourses of which they are a part. He does so with particular reference to perceived linkages between fuelwood use and production, on the one hand, and vegetation and degradation and other environmental change, on the other. The geographical focus is dryland Nigeria, in particular its regional forestry spaces and landscapes. In the conceptual framework empirical theorisation is combined with discourse and landscape analyses. The author concludes that the juxtaposition of forestry discourses, which he attempts, creates spaces for different landscape visions to be seen as virtual realities, which are shaped and sustained by social forces and (technologies of) representation.

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