Ordinal Pattern Analysis

Author(s):  
Warren Thorngate ◽  
Barbara Carroll
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrene D Valentine ◽  
Erin Michelle Buchanan ◽  
John E. Scofield ◽  
Marshall T. Beauchamp

Null hypothesis significance testing is frequently cited as a threat to the validity and reproducibility of the social sciences. While many individuals suggest we should focus on altering the *p*-value at which we deem an effect significant, we believe this suggestion is short-sighted. Alternative procedures (i.e., Bayesian analyses and Observation Oriented Modeling) can be more powerful and meaningful to our discipline. However, these methodologies are less frequently utilized and are rarely discussed in combination with NHST. Herein, we compare the possible interpretations of three analyses (ANOVA, Bayes Factor, and an Ordinal Pattern Analysis) in various data environments using a simulation study. The simulation generated 20000 unique datasets which varied sample size (*N*s of 10, 30, 100, 500, 1000), and effect sizes (*d*s of 0.10, 0.20, 0.05, 0.80). Through this simulation, we find that changing the threshold at which *p*-values are considered significant has little to no effect on conclusions. Further, we find that evaluating multiple estimates as evidence of an effect can allow for a more robust and nuanced report of findings. These findings suggest the need to redefine evidentiary value and reporting practices.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Kottlarz ◽  
Sebastian Berg ◽  
Diana Toscano-Tejeida ◽  
Iris Steinmann ◽  
Mathias Bähr ◽  
...  

In this study, ordinal pattern analysis and classical frequency-based EEG analysis methods are used to differentiate between EEGs of different age groups as well as individuals. As characteristic features, functional connectivity as well as single-channel measures in both the time and frequency domain are considered. We compare the separation power of each feature set after nonlinear dimensionality reduction using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and demonstrate that ordinal pattern-based measures yield results comparable to frequency-based measures applied to preprocessed data, and outperform them if applied to raw data. Our analysis yields no significant differences in performance between single-channel features and functional connectivity features regarding the question of age group separation.


Author(s):  
S.F. Stinson ◽  
J.C. Lilga ◽  
M.B. Sporn

Increased nuclear size, resulting in an increase in the relative proportion of nuclear to cytoplasmic sizes, is an important morphologic criterion for the evaluation of neoplastic and pre-neoplastic cells. This paper describes investigations into the suitability of automated image analysis for quantitating changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic cross-sectional areas in exfoliated cells from tracheas treated with carcinogen.Neoplastic and pre-neoplastic lesions were induced in the tracheas of Syrian hamsters with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. Cytology samples were collected intra-tracheally with a specially designed catheter (1) and stained by a modified Papanicolaou technique. Three cytology specimens were selected from animals with normal tracheas, 3 from animals with dysplastic changes, and 3 from animals with epidermoid carcinoma. One hundred randomly selected cells on each slide were analyzed with a Bausch and Lomb Pattern Analysis System automated image analyzer.


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