Current Status of Low-Temperature Microscopy and Analysis

1992 ◽  
pp. 491-498
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy

The promises and perfidy of cryomicroscopy and analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 382-383
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
List Type ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Cellular Analysis ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy

The unusual title of this short paper and its accompanying tutorial is deliberate, because the intent is to investigate the effectiveness of low temperature microscopy and analysis as one of the more significant elements of the less interventionist procedures we can use to prepare, examine and analyse hydrated and organic materials in high energy beam instruments. The promises offered by all these procedures are well rehearsed and the litany of petitions and responses may be enunciated in the following mantra.Vitrified water can form the perfect embedding medium for bio-organic samples.Frozen samples provide an important, but not exclusive, milieu for the in situ sub-cellular analysis of the dissolved ions and electrolytes whose activities are central to living processes.The rapid conversion of liquids to solids provides a means of arresting dynamic processes and permits resolution of the time resolved interactions between water and suspended and dissolved materials.The low temperature environment necessary for cryomicroscopy and analysis, diminish, but alas do not prevent, the deleterious side effects of ionizing radiation.Sample contamination is virtually eliminated.

Current Development of Key Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Ying Li Zhu ◽  
Gang Qi ◽  
Jian Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Low temperature fuel cells are promising environment-friendly energy conversion systems with high energy density and efficiency to be used as components of electronic devices for stationary and portable applications. In this paper, the key materials of the three types low temperature fuel cells are introduced, and the most recent advances related to the key materials and their character are reviewed. The current status of materials for electrolyte, catalyst and electrode materials is focused on.

The Uptake and Distribution of Potassium in Roots of Duckweed (Lemna Minor L) As Measured using Low Temperature X-Ray Microanalysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 408-411
Author(s):  
Patrick Echlin ◽  
Clifford Lai ◽  
Thomas L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dark Regime ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy

Lemna minor L. plants were grown in a 14 H light and 10 H dark regime at 298 K in a medium containing 2 mM [K+]. Roots, 20 mm long and photosynthetically active, were removed and prepared for low temperature microscopy using methods described elsewhere. Fracture faces were made using the AMRAY Biochamber and the analysis carried out using an AMRAY 1000A SEM fitted with an LaB6 gun and a Kevex Si (Li) x-ray detector at 15-17 kV and a beam current of 1-2 nA. A reduced raster (1.0 μm2) was placed at the centre of the cell being analysed, care being taken to avoid any contact with the cell walls. Samples were maintained at 100-110 K throughout analysis and an LN2 cooled anti-contamination device was inserted close to the specimen. The spectra were analysed using the peak/background (P/B) ratio technique following use of background subtraction and peak de-convolution routines. Between eight and twelve fracture faces were analysed for each of the ten sites along the length of the root and the data pooled and presented in Table I.

Current Status of Low-temperature TCO Electrode for Solar-cell Application: A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Hyeongsik Park ◽  
Youngkuk Kim ◽  
Donghyun Oh ◽  
Duy Phong Pham ◽  
Jaechun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Solar Cell Application

scholarly journals Perspectives on Low-Temperature Electrolysis and Potential for Renewable Hydrogen at Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Ayers ◽  
Nemanja Danilovic ◽  
Ryan Ouimet ◽  
Marcelo Carmo ◽  
Bryan Pivovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Manufacturing Optimization ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Free Hydrogen ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen ◽  
Transportation Applications

Hydrogen is an important part of any discussion on sustainability and reduction in emissions across major energy sectors. In addition to being a feedstock and process gas for many industrial processes, hydrogen is emerging as a fuel alternative for transportation applications. Renewable sources of hydrogen are therefore required to increase in capacity. Low-temperature electrolysis of water is currently the most mature method for carbon-free hydrogen generation and is reaching relevant scales to impact the energy landscape. However, costs still need to be reduced to be economical with traditional hydrogen sources. Operating cost reductions are enabled by the recent availability of low-cost sources of renewable energy, and the potential exists for a large reduction in capital cost withmaterial and manufacturing optimization. This article focuses on the current status and development needs by component for the low-temperature electrolysis options.

The current status of commercial low-temperature silicon epitaxy

JOM ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Borland
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Silicon Epitaxy
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