Current Development of Key Materials for Low Temperature Fuel Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 670-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Ying Li Zhu ◽  
Gang Qi ◽  
Jian Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Low Temperature Fuel Cells

Low temperature fuel cells are promising environment-friendly energy conversion systems with high energy density and efficiency to be used as components of electronic devices for stationary and portable applications. In this paper, the key materials of the three types low temperature fuel cells are introduced, and the most recent advances related to the key materials and their character are reviewed. The current status of materials for electrolyte, catalyst and electrode materials is focused on.

scholarly journals Materials and Components for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells – an Overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Radhika ◽  
A. S. Nesaraj
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Lanthanum Gallate ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Materials Used

This article summarizes the recent advancements made in the area of materials and components for low temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). LT-SOFC is a new trend in SOFCtechnology since high temperature SOFC puts very high demands on the materials and too expensive to match marketability. The current status of the electrolyte and electrode materials used in SOFCs, their specific features and the need for utilizing them for LT-SOFC are presented precisely in this review article. The section on electrolytes gives an overview of zirconia, lanthanum gallate and ceria based materials. Also, this review article explains the application of different anode, cathode and interconnect materials used for SOFC systems. SOFC can result in better performance with the application of liquid fuels such methanol and ethanol. As a whole, this review article discusses the novel materials suitable for operation of SOFC systems especially for low temperature operation.

A facile synthesis of a NiMoO4@metal-coated graphene-ink nanosheet structure towards the high energy density of a battery type-hybrid supercapacitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (28) ◽  
pp. 9762-9772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Thulasivarma Chebrolu ◽  
Balamuralitharan Balakrishnan ◽  
Selvaraj Aravindha Raja ◽  
Hee-Je Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Hybrid Supercapacitor ◽  
Facile Synthesis

Recently, reagent-based electrode materials have received great attention in various applications (e.g., supercapacitors, solar cells, fuel cells, and batteries).

Review on challenges of direct liquid fuel cells for portable application

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateswarlu Velisala ◽  
G. Naga Srinivasulu ◽  
B. Srinivasa Reddy ◽  
K. Venkata Koteswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Power Sources

Fuel cells technologies are the most promising green energy technologies for diverse applications. One of the fastest growing areas is the portable electronic applications where the power range is the order of 1–100 W. For most of the portable electronic devices, rechargeable battery is the major energy source. Due to limitations like limited capacity, requirement of external power for recharge have led many researchers to look for alternative power sources to power portable electronic devices. The high energy density of fuel cells makes them very attractive alternative to batteries for portable power applications. There are a variety of fuel cell technologies being considered to replace batteries in portable electronic equipment. Direct Liquid Fuel Cells (DLFCs) have attracted much attention due to their potential applications as a power source for portable electronic devices. The advantages of DLFCs over hydrogen fed PEM fuel cells include a higher theoretical energy density and efficiency, a more convenient handling of the streams, and enhanced safety. Unlike batteries, fuel cells need not be recharged, merely refueled. This paper provides an overview on challenges of DLFCs (Direct Liquid Fuel Cells), like fuel crossover, cost, durability, water management, weight and size along with approaches being investigated to solve these challenges. Portable Fuel Cell Commercialization Targets for future and producers of portable fuel cells across the globe are also discussed in this paper.

Non Flow-Through (NFT), Advanced Product Water Removal (APWR), Low Temperature PEM Fuel Cell With Reduced Balance of Plant for Air-Independent Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay W. LaGrange ◽  
William F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Balance Of Plant ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Product Water

Recent developments in applications such as Pulsed Power, Space, High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) aircraft and underwater vehicles have created interest in the application of air-independent fuel cells. The attraction for such systems has been the potential for high performance, long life and high energy density allowing for extended mission operations and simple recharge. A limitation of such systems, to date, has been the relatively complicated balance of plant required for system operation. This typically requires circulation of one or both reactants to remove product water and distribute reactants. These parasitic systems can reduce the overall efficiency and maintainability of the system, create noise and inhibit or prevent certain missions. Under the sponsorship of the NASA Glenn Research Center Infinity has developed a Non Flow-Through (NFT) Advanced Product Water Removal (APWR) Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell system. The design eliminates the need to actively circulate reactants and can remove water directly from the reaction site within the cell. This low temperature, compact, lightweight technology projects to a system with the operational simplicity and reliability of a battery but with the performance and recharge capability of fuel cells. This paper will report on the operational characteristics, performance and benefits of Infinity’s APWR fuel cell. An update on development status and recent testing results will be included.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-enriched graphene framework from a large-scale magnesiothermic conversion of CO2 with synergistic kinetics for high-power lithium-ion capacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xianzhong Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor

AbstractLithium-ion capacitors are envisaged as promising energy-storage devices to simultaneously achieve a large energy density and high-power output at quick charge and discharge rates. However, the mismatched kinetics between capacitive cathodes and faradaic anodes still hinder their practical application for high-power purposes. To tackle this problem, the electron and ion transport of both electrodes should be substantially improved by targeted structural design and controllable chemical doping. Herein, nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks are prepared via a large-scale and ultrafast magnesiothermic combustion synthesis using CO2 and melamine as precursors, which exhibit a crosslinked porous structure, abundant functional groups and high electrical conductivity (10524 S m−1). The material essentially delivers upgraded kinetics due to enhanced ion diffusion and electron transport. Excellent capacities of 1361 mA h g−1 and 827 mA h g−1 can be achieved at current densities of 0.1 A g−1 and 3 A g−1, respectively, demonstrating its outstanding lithium storage performance at both low and high rates. Moreover, the lithium-ion capacitor based on these nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks displays a high energy density of 151 Wh kg−1, and still retains 86 Wh kg−1 even at an ultrahigh power output of 49 kW kg−1. This study reveals an effective pathway to achieve synergistic kinetics in carbon electrode materials for achieving high-power lithium-ion capacitors.

scholarly journals A Compact Review of Laser Welding Technologies for Amorphous Alloys

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Jian Qiao ◽  
Peng Yu ◽  
Yanxiong Wu ◽  
Taixi Chen ◽  
Yixin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Laser Welding ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fast Heating

Amorphous alloys have emerged as important materials for precision machinery, energy conversion, information processing, and aerospace components. This is due to their unique structure and excellent properties, including superior strength, high elasticity, and excellent corrosion resistance, which have attracted the attention of many researchers. However, the size of the amorphous alloy components remains limited, which affects industrial applications. Significant developments in connection with this technology are urgently needed. Laser welding represents an efficient welding method that uses a laser beam with high energy-density for heating. Laser welding has gradually become a research hotspot as a joining method for amorphous alloys due to its fast heating and cooling rates. In this compact review, the current status of research into amorphous-alloy laser welding technology is discussed, the influence of technological parameters and other welding conditions on welding quality is analyzed, and an outlook on future research and development is provided. This paper can serve as a useful reference for both fundamental research and engineering applications in this field.

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