Thermal Decomposition of Polymeric Materials

2016 ◽  
pp. 167-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Witkowski ◽  
Anna A. Stec ◽  
T. Richard Hull
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Polymeric Materials

QSAR/QSPR in Polymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Rasulev ◽  
Gerardo Casanola-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Computational Design ◽  
Quantitative Structure ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Fouling Release ◽  
Enhanced Properties

Predictive modeling of the properties of polymers and polymeric materials is getting more attention, while it is still very complicated due to complexity of these materials. In this review, we discuss main applications of quantitative structure-property/activity relationships (QSPR/QSAR) methods for polymers published recently. The most relevant publications are discussed covering this field highlighting the main advantages and drawbacks of the obtained predictive models. Examples dealing with refractive index, glass transition temperatures, intrinsic viscosity, thermal decomposition and flammability properties are shown, together with a fouling-release activity study. Finally, some considerations are discussed in order to give some clues that could lead to the improvement in the efficient computational design and/or optimization of new polymers with enhanced properties/activities.

Improvement of Environmental Safety in the Processing and Use of Elastomeric Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
R.N. Plotnikova ◽  
V.I. Korchagin ◽  
L.V. Popova ◽  
P.S. Repin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Rubber Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Modifying Additive

The possibilities of use of combined modifying additive in the production of polymeric materials from general-purpose rubber production wastes are considered. Such additives facilitate reduce of the exhaust of pollutants into the environment at the stage of waste processing. Inorganic salts, including sodium phosphate and ammonium sulfate in a certain ratio can be used as a combined modifying additive the results of the study confirm the advantages of using of this complex modifier in polymeric materials from rubber production waste to increase their resistance to thermal decomposition, fire and aggressive media in comparison with an unmodified product. It was demonstrated that the complex modifying additive is more compatible with ISK rubbers and less washed out from it than with SKS rubbers.

A strategy for analysis of thermal decomposition of polymeric materials

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
I.N. Einhorn ◽  
D.A. Chatfield ◽  
K.J. Voorhees ◽  
F.D. Hileman ◽  
R.W. Mickelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Polymeric Materials

scholarly journals Toxic pulmonary edema due to inhalation of pyrolyzed polytetrafluoroethylene products in lab animals

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
P. G. Tolkach ◽  
V. A. Basharin ◽  
S. V. Chepur
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Alveolar Edema

Relevance.Thermal decomposition of various polymeric materials occur in emergency situations associated with fires, with pulmonotoxicants releasing in the environment. During pyrolysis of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), a highly toxic perfluoroisobutylene is produced.Intention.To create an experimental animal model of toxic pulmonary edema due to products of thermal decomposition of polytetrafluoroethylene.Methodology.Polytetrafluoroethylene underwent pyrolysys at 440–750 0С during 6 minutes. Toxic pulmonary edema was modeled on rats via inhalation of pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene. An amount of polytetrafluoroethylene burned under these conditions with resulting death of 50 % of rats during 1 day was (2.68 ± 0.60) g. The toxic pulmonary edema diagnosis was confirmed histologically and by lung/body ratio.Results.In the pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene, highly toxic perfluoroisobutylene was found via gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, with relative content of 85.9 %. Such an exposure during 15 min increased (p = 0.01) lung/body ratio in laboratory animals in 3 hours. The toxic pulmonary edema diagnosis was confirmed histologically  (signs of alveolar edema). Animals started to die 7 hours after the pyrolysis products inhalation.Conclusion.In the study on rats, toxic pulmonary edema was modeled via inhalation of pyrolysis products of polytetrafluoroethylene. This model can be used for searching etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy for poisoning with pulmonotoxicants.

Lung Irritance and Inflammation during and after Exposures to Thermal Decomposition Products from Polymeric Materials

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Purser ◽  
P. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Products ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane

A study has been made of the mechanisms of incapacitation resulting from exposure to atmospheres of thermal decomposition products from polymeric materials. Individual cynomolgus monkeys were exposed to atmospheres increasing in separate experiments from very low concentrations until early physiological signs of incapacitation were detected. Atmospheres studied included thermal decomposition products of polyacrylonitrile, polyurethane foam, wood, polypropylene, polystyrene and nylon produced under pyrolytic or oxidative conditions at a range of temperatures. For some atmospheres the toxicity was dominated by signs of upper and lower respiratory tract irritance, which consisted of dyspnoea and hyperventilation during exposure. The condition of the animals appeared normal within 1–2 hours after exposure, but following exposures to atmospheres from 2 materials, flexible polyurethane foam and polypropylene, signs of late lung inflammatory responses similar to those occurring in some human fire survivors were observed 15–48 hours after exposure.

Electromagnetic Fields in Technology of Processing of Polymeric Materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Nasybullin ◽  
O.G. Morozov ◽  
G.A. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Terephthalic Acid ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Microwave Losses ◽  
Joint Problem

The issues related to the implementation of the process of depolymerizing of waste polymers, initiated by thermal action of an intense electromagnetic microwave field, are considered. The reactions considered are distinguished by the possibility of reducing the initial monomers or oligomers. The required reaction temperatures are achieved by indirect heating due to the presence of carbon thermal converters in the mixture or the use of liquid reagents characterized by high microwave losses. The results of the study of two different mechanisms of depolymerizing, namely the decomposition of the polymer in a glycol medium and thermal decomposition, are shown. The methods of mathematical modeling of the joint problem of electrodynamics and heat conduction are analyzed to estimate the temperature regimes of the processes of thermal decomposition of polymers. Experimental studies are illustrated by examples of the depolymerizing of polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate, the destruction products of which were esters of terephthalic acid, styrene and methyl methacrylate.

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